Alabama / AIANNHCE 2865 / Federally-recognized area
Poarch Creek
The full tribal profile includes the report map, demographic tables, broadband tables, FCC provider sections, and interactive charts.
96.2%25/3 availability
62.3%100/20 availability
0.0%1000/100 availability
10Fixed providers
Figure 1. Location of Poarch Creek within Alabama, with boundary detail (inset).
About the Tribal Area
In Alabama, this federally recognized tribe uses Poarch Creek Reservation as its main reservation, and it spans about 0.4 square miles. FCC BDC records show 10 fixed providers and 5 mobile providers serving roughly 188 service locations, with current availability of 96.2% at 25/3 Mbps, 62.3% at 100/20, and 0.5% at 1000/100.
Tribal Area Description
Home to the only federally recognized tribe in Alabama.
We are the Poarch Creek Indians, and we're proud to call Alabama home. We are the Poarch Creek Indians, and we’re proud to call Alabama home. This state is where we’ve journeyed from our history as a nearly forgotten people to a sovereign nation that builds success stories—for our Tribal Citizens and our neighbors. This is where we've journeyed from our history as a nearly forgotten people to a sovereign nation that builds success stories—and gives back to our neighbors.
Table 1. Demographics
Indicator
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
Population
305
529
440
363
410
339
Households
123
266
175
143
148
138
Median age
32.2
29.2
28.9
29.9
24.0
23.3
Male / Female
52.5% / 47.5%
54.8% / 45.2%
55.9% / 44.1%
51.5% / 48.5%
44.1% / 55.9%
38.6% / 61.4%
Avg. household size
2.48
1.99
2.51
2.54
2.77
2.46
Pop. density (per sq mi)
737.5
1279.2
1064.0
877.8
991.4
819.7
HH density (per sq mi)
297.4
643.2
423.2
345.8
357.9
333.7
Table 2. Economic & Education
Indicator
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
Median household income
$20,313
$20,400
$24,196
$25,750
$31,389
$29,722
Per capita income
$11,773
$13,252
$12,845
$12,864
$15,126
$17,198
Poverty rate
38.7%
41.8%
38.2%
46.6%
47.1%
46.6%
Unemployment rate
14.9%
14.7%
12.9%
20.2%
17.3%
21.0%
HS diploma or higher
61.0%
61.5%
54.8%
51.5%
54.0%
59.0%
Bachelor's degree or higher
9.3%
10.4%
11.2%
7.1%
9.4%
6.0%
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-Year Estimates. Queried by AIANNHCE code. Population and household density are calculated from Census population or households divided by land area in square miles.
Table 3. Download/Upload Speeds (Mbps)
Period
Download
Upload
2019Q1
22.9 Mbps
42.9 Mbps
2019Q2
24.9 Mbps
23.7 Mbps
2019Q3
23.9 Mbps
42.8 Mbps
2019Q4
44.5 Mbps
57.5 Mbps
2020Q1
33.7 Mbps
36.2 Mbps
2020Q2
51.9 Mbps
5.6 Mbps
2020Q3
87.3 Mbps
63.4 Mbps
2020Q4
28.6 Mbps
46.5 Mbps
2021Q1
36.0 Mbps
66.0 Mbps
2021Q2
128.7 Mbps
65.8 Mbps
2021Q3
56.1 Mbps
49.4 Mbps
2021Q4
50.7 Mbps
39.2 Mbps
2022Q1
76.3 Mbps
39.5 Mbps
2022Q2
82.5 Mbps
65.6 Mbps
2022Q3
63.6 Mbps
37.8 Mbps
2022Q4
56.1 Mbps
33.9 Mbps
2023Q1
87.9 Mbps
40.1 Mbps
2023Q2
71.2 Mbps
35.5 Mbps
2023Q3
66.1 Mbps
30.9 Mbps
2023Q4
84.6 Mbps
40.3 Mbps
2024Q1
107.0 Mbps
37.3 Mbps
2024Q2
66.9 Mbps
38.4 Mbps
2024Q3
89.2 Mbps
47.8 Mbps
Table 4. Coverage by Tier (%)
Year
25/3
100/20
1 Gbps
2015
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
2016
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
2017
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
2018
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
2019
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
2020
100.0%
0.0%
0.0%
2021
12.9%
0.0%
0.0%
2022
3.0%
0.5%
0.5%
2023
4.3%
1.9%
0.0%
2024
96.2%
62.3%
0.0%
Table 5. Adoption (%)
Year
All households
Low-income households
2017
22.6%
37.9%
2018
17.9%
45.5%
2019
14.6%
47.5%
2020
12.4%
69.8%
2021
26.3%
56.1%
2022
25.9%
69.1%
2023
32.4%
74.0%
2024
34.1%
76.9%
Table 6. Current Status (2024, %)
Tier
Coverage
25/3 Mbps
96.2%
100/20 Mbps
62.3%
1 Gbps
0.0%
Table 7. Comparison with National Averages (%)
Metric
Tribal
National
25/3 Mbps
96.2%
92%
100/20 Mbps
62.3%
85%
Adoption
34.1%
78%
Sources: FCC Broadband Data Collection, Ookla Open Data Initiative, and U.S. Census Bureau ACS 5-Year Estimates. National benchmarks are carried over from the report comparison section.
Figure 2. Speed Trends (2019–2024)
Figure 3. Availability (2015–2025)
Figure 4. Adoption (2017–2024)
Figure 5. Current Status (2024)
Figure 6. Comparison with National Averages
Figure 7. Fixed Coverage by Technology (25/3 Mbps)
Figure 8. Mobile Area Coverage
Notes: speed trends reflect quarterly mean throughput. Availability shows the share of population with access. Tooltips on the charts expose the underlying values for each series.
Table 8. Broadband Provider Summary
Metric
Value
Fixed broadband providers
10
Mobile broadband providers
5
Broadband serviceable locations
188
Table 9. Broadband Providers
Fixed
Mobile
AT&T Inc.
AT&T Inc.
Charter Communications
T-Mobile USA, Inc.
Frontier Communications Corporation
Southern Company
T-Mobile USA, Inc.
Verizon Communications Inc.
EchoStar Corporation
Dish Network Corporation
Verizon Communications Inc.
—
Viasat, Inc.
—
SP Broadband, Inc.
—
Space Exploration Technologies Corp.
—
Uniti Group Inc.
—
Table 10. Fixed Coverage by Technology (% of locations)
Technology
25/3
100/20
250/25
1 Gbps
Any Technology
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
0.0%
Fiber
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
Cable
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
Fixed Wireless
60.1%
54.8%
0.0%
0.0%
Copper (DSL)
1.6%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
Satellite
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
0.0%
Table 11. Mobile Coverage (% of area)
Technology
Coverage
4G LTE
100.0%
5G-NR (Speed Tier 1)
100.0%
5G-NR (Speed Tier 2)
100.0%
Total area (sq mi)
0.527
Table 8. Coverage by Tier and Technology (% of locations)
Dec. 2022
Technology
2/2
10/1
25/3
100/20
250/25
1000/100
All Fixed Wireless
49.2
0.7
0.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
All Satellite
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
All Wired
8.4
8.4
1.4
0.3
0.3
0.0
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless
54.2
9.1
2.0
0.3
0.3
0.0
Any Technology
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.3
0.3
0.0
Any Terrestrial
54.2
9.1
2.0
0.3
0.3
0.0
Cable
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.0
Cable/Fiber
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.0
Copper
8.4
8.1
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Fiber
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
GSO Satellite
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless
49.2
0.7
0.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
NGSO Satellite
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Other
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
June 2023
Technology
2/2
10/1
25/3
100/20
250/25
1000/100
All Fixed Wireless
2.2
0.6
0.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
All Satellite
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
0.0
All Wired
6.7
6.3
1.6
0.6
0.6
0.0
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless
7.3
7.0
2.2
0.6
0.6
0.0
Any Technology
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.6
0.0
Any Terrestrial
7.3
7.0
2.2
0.6
0.6
0.0
Cable
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.0
Cable/Fiber
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.0
Copper
6.0
5.7
0.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
Fiber
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
GSO Satellite
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless
2.2
0.6
0.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
NGSO Satellite
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
0.0
Other
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Dec. 2023
Technology
2/2
10/1
25/3
100/20
250/25
1000/100
All Fixed Wireless
2.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
All Satellite
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
0.0
All Wired
7.5
7.2
2.3
0.9
0.9
0.0
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless
7.5
7.2
2.3
0.9
0.9
0.0
Any Technology
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.9
0.0
Any Terrestrial
7.5
7.2
2.3
0.9
0.9
0.0
Cable
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.0
Cable/Fiber
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.0
Copper
6.6
6.3
1.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
Fiber
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
GSO Satellite
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless
2.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
NGSO Satellite
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
0.0
Other
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
June 2024
Technology
2/2
10/1
25/3
100/20
250/25
1000/100
All Fixed Wireless
2.0
1.1
1.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
All Satellite
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
0.0
All Wired
6.7
6.4
2.0
0.3
0.3
0.0
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless
7.3
7.0
3.1
0.3
0.3
0.0
Any Technology
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.3
0.0
Any Terrestrial
7.3
7.0
3.1
0.3
0.3
0.0
Cable
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.0
Cable/Fiber
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.0
Copper
6.4
6.2
1.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
Fiber
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
GSO Satellite
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless
2.0
1.1
1.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
NGSO Satellite
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
0.0
Other
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Dec. 2024
Technology
2/2
10/1
25/3
100/20
250/25
1000/100
All Fixed Wireless
58.5
56.9
56.9
56.3
0.0
0.0
All Satellite
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
0.0
All Wired
7.0
6.7
2.2
0.6
0.6
0.0
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless
61.3
60.2
57.4
56.3
0.6
0.0
Any Technology
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.6
0.0
Any Terrestrial
61.3
60.2
57.4
56.3
0.6
0.0
Cable
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.0
Cable/Fiber
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.0
Copper
6.4
6.2
1.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
Fiber
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
GSO Satellite
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless
58.5
56.9
56.9
56.3
0.0
0.0
NGSO Satellite
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
0.0
Other
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
June 2025
Technology
2/2
10/1
25/3
100/20
250/25
1000/100
All Fixed Wireless
67.4
65.8
65.8
61.3
0.0
0.0
All Satellite
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
All Wired
16.1
16.1
6.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless
71.3
71.3
66.3
61.3
0.0
0.0
Any Technology
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
Any Terrestrial
71.3
71.3
66.3
61.3
0.0
0.0
Cable
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Cable/Fiber
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Copper
16.1
16.1
6.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
Fiber
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
GSO Satellite
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless
67.4
65.8
65.8
61.3
0.0
0.0
NGSO Satellite
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
Other
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
FCC Broadband Data Collection (BDC), June 2025 filing vintage. Coverage values show the share of residential broadband serviceable locations by technology and speed tier across D22, J23, D23, J24, D24, and J25 filings.
Source: FCC Broadband Data Collection (BDC), June 2025 Filing (J25). Fixed coverage shows the share of residential broadband serviceable locations, and mobile coverage shows the share of tribal land area.