California / AIANNHCE 0020 / Federally-recognized area

Agua Caliente

The full tribal profile includes the report map, demographic tables, broadband tables, FCC provider sections, and interactive charts.

100.0%25/3 availability

99.6%100/20 availability

0.0%1000/100 availability

16Fixed providers

Figure 1. Location of Agua Caliente within California, with boundary detail (inset).

About the Tribal Area

Agua Caliente Indian Reservation in California is the primary broadband planning geography for this federally recognized tribe, and it spans about 49 square miles. FCC BDC records show 16 fixed providers and 4 mobile providers across roughly 357 service locations, and current service levels of 100.0% at 25/3 Mbps, 99.6% at 100/20, and 19.8% at 1000/100.

Tribal Area Description

Tribal lands in California are associated with Agua Caliente, a federally recognized tribe. The land base is relevant for broadband planning due to rural service coverage and middle-mile access constraints.

Website Summary: www.aguacaliente.org

The Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians is an historic Palm Springs based federally recognized Native American Tribe with more than 500 members. The cities of Palm Springs, Cathedral City and Rancho Mirage as well as portions of unincorporated Riverside County span across the boundaries of the Agua Caliente Indian Reservation. The Tribe is steward to more than 31,500 acres of ancestral land.

Table 1. Demographics

Indicator	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Population	26,811	28,733	27,036	27,694	28,352	28,392
Households	14,655	15,657	15,008	15,630	16,100	16,225
Median age	61.9	62.0	62.1	62.6	62.8	63.5
Male / Female	56.8% / 43.2%	56.4% / 43.6%	56.8% / 43.2%	57.3% / 42.7%	57.3% / 42.7%	57.7% / 42.3%
Avg. household size	1.82	1.83	1.79	1.76	1.75	1.74
Pop. density (per sq mi)	455.2	487.9	459.1	470.2	481.4	482.1
HH density (per sq mi)	248.8	265.9	254.8	265.4	273.4	275.5

Table 2. Economic & Education

Indicator	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Median household income	$55,986	$58,610	$63,149	$69,643	$74,522	$76,996
Per capita income	$50,559	$53,653	$58,222	$66,425	$69,104	$72,416
Poverty rate	13.4%	12.9%	12.6%	12.3%	11.8%	11.8%
Unemployment rate	7.4%	7.9%	8.6%	8.4%	8.0%	7.9%
HS diploma or higher	68.8%	67.9%	68.3%	69.7%	70.3%	71.4%
Bachelor's degree or higher	42.4%	42.4%	43.4%	45.2%	46.1%	47.1%

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-Year Estimates. Queried by AIANNHCE code. Population and household density are calculated from Census population or households divided by land area in square miles.

Table 3. Download/Upload Speeds (Mbps)

Period	Download	Upload
2019Q1	78.4 Mbps	11.8 Mbps
2019Q2	83.9 Mbps	11.8 Mbps
2019Q3	97.2 Mbps	12.7 Mbps
2019Q4	100.2 Mbps	12.5 Mbps
2020Q1	106.2 Mbps	12.7 Mbps
2020Q2	116.6 Mbps	13.6 Mbps
2020Q3	121.8 Mbps	13.4 Mbps
2020Q4	140.7 Mbps	13.5 Mbps
2021Q1	166.6 Mbps	14.3 Mbps
2021Q2	179.1 Mbps	15.0 Mbps
2021Q3	186.0 Mbps	16.5 Mbps
2021Q4	184.0 Mbps	17.3 Mbps
2022Q1	193.3 Mbps	18.8 Mbps
2022Q2	203.9 Mbps	26.1 Mbps
2022Q3	231.7 Mbps	24.7 Mbps
2022Q4	246.4 Mbps	30.8 Mbps
2023Q1	251.2 Mbps	36.8 Mbps
2023Q2	272.3 Mbps	46.3 Mbps
2023Q3	280.8 Mbps	43.3 Mbps
2023Q4	269.4 Mbps	43.0 Mbps
2024Q1	276.6 Mbps	38.6 Mbps
2024Q2	280.9 Mbps	46.7 Mbps
2024Q3	305.3 Mbps	47.7 Mbps

Table 4. Coverage by Tier (%)

Year	25/3	100/20	1 Gbps
2015	99.8%	11.1%	0.0%
2016	99.8%	99.8%	0.0%
2017	99.8%	99.8%	0.0%
2018	99.9%	99.9%	0.0%
2019	99.9%	99.9%	0.0%
2020	99.9%	99.9%	0.0%
2021	99.9%	99.9%	12.3%
2022	99.8%	99.7%	14.6%
2023	100.0%	99.7%	18.8%
2024	100.0%	99.6%	0.0%

Table 5. Adoption (%)

Year	All households	Low-income households
2017	74.1%	67.9%
2018	75.2%	71.0%
2019	76.2%	74.4%
2020	75.9%	78.7%
2021	77.1%	78.8%
2022	77.0%	77.8%
2023	78.2%	77.8%
2024	78.7%	78.7%

Table 6. Current Status (2024, %)

Tier	Coverage
25/3 Mbps	100.0%
100/20 Mbps	99.6%
1 Gbps	0.0%

Table 7. Comparison with National Averages (%)

Metric	Tribal	National
25/3 Mbps	100.0%	92%
100/20 Mbps	99.6%	85%
Adoption	78.7%	78%

Sources: FCC Broadband Data Collection, Ookla Open Data Initiative, and U.S. Census Bureau ACS 5-Year Estimates. National benchmarks are carried over from the report comparison section.

Figure 2. Speed Trends (2019–2024)

Figure 3. Availability (2015–2025)

Figure 4. Adoption (2017–2024)

Figure 5. Current Status (2024)

Figure 6. Comparison with National Averages

Figure 7. Fixed Coverage by Technology (25/3 Mbps)

Figure 8. Mobile Area Coverage

Notes: speed trends reflect quarterly mean throughput. Availability shows the share of population with access. Tooltips on the charts expose the underlying values for each series.

Table 8. Broadband Provider Summary

Metric	Value
Fixed broadband providers	16
Mobile broadband providers	4
Broadband serviceable locations	357

Table 9. Broadband Providers

Fixed	Mobile
AT&T Inc.	AT&T Inc.
Radiate Holdings, LP	T-Mobile USA, Inc.
Charter Communications	Verizon Communications Inc.
Frontier Communications Corporation	Dish Network Corporation
Comcast Corporation	—
T-Mobile USA, Inc.	—
EchoStar Corporation	—
U.S. TelePacific Holdings Corp.	—
Verizon Communications Inc.	—
Viasat, Inc.	—
California Internet	—
One Ring Networks, Inc.	—
Consolidated Smart Broadband Systems, LLC	—
Pacific Lightwave Inc.	—
Space Exploration Technologies Corp.	—
Trive Capital Management LLC	—

Table 10. Fixed Coverage by Technology (% of locations)

Technology	25/3	100/20	250/25	1 Gbps
Any Technology	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	0.0%
Fiber	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
Cable	93.8%	93.8%	93.8%	0.0%
Fixed Wireless	90.2%	89.1%	0.0%	0.0%
Copper (DSL)	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
Satellite	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	0.0%

Table 11. Mobile Coverage (% of area)

Technology	Coverage
4G LTE	93.6%
5G-NR (Speed Tier 1)	80.8%
5G-NR (Speed Tier 2)	61.6%
Total area (sq mi)	13.167

Table 8. Coverage by Tier and Technology (% of locations)

Dec. 2022

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	76.5	44.5	44.5	10.5	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
All Wired	97.0	97.0	96.9	96.9	96.9	8.3
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	97.6	97.5	97.5	97.2	96.9	8.3
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	97.2	96.9	8.3
Any Terrestrial	97.7	97.6	97.5	97.2	96.9	8.3
Cable	96.9	96.9	96.9	96.9	96.9	0.0
Cable/Fiber	96.9	96.9	96.9	96.9	96.9	8.3
Copper	1.9	1.9	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	8.3	8.3	8.3	8.3	8.3	8.3
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	76.3	44.4	44.4	10.5	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.0

June 2023

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	64.1	50.5	50.5	36.3	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
All Wired	96.2	96.2	96.2	96.2	96.2	12.3
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	97.7	97.6	97.6	97.1	96.2	12.3
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	96.2	12.3
Any Terrestrial	97.8	97.7	97.7	97.1	96.2	12.3
Cable	96.1	96.1	96.1	96.1	96.1	0.0
Cable/Fiber	96.2	96.2	96.2	96.2	96.2	12.3
Copper	1.9	1.9	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	12.3	12.3	12.3	12.3	12.3	12.3
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	63.9	50.4	50.4	36.3	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.0

Dec. 2023

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	70.8	64.8	64.8	39.5	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
All Wired	96.1	96.1	96.1	96.1	96.1	13.2
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	98.3	98.1	98.1	97.2	96.1	13.2
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	96.1	13.2
Any Terrestrial	98.3	98.1	98.1	97.2	96.1	13.2
Cable	96.0	96.0	96.0	96.0	96.0	0.0
Cable/Fiber	96.1	96.1	96.1	96.1	96.1	13.2
Copper	2.1	2.1	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	13.2	13.2	13.2	13.2	13.2	13.2
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	70.8	64.8	64.8	39.5	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

June 2024

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	80.5	73.4	73.4	52.9	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
All Wired	96.2	96.2	96.2	96.2	96.2	13.5
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	98.0	97.8	97.8	97.3	96.2	13.5
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	96.2	13.5
Any Terrestrial	98.0	97.8	97.8	97.3	96.2	13.5
Cable	95.8	95.8	95.8	95.8	95.8	0.0
Cable/Fiber	96.2	96.2	96.2	96.2	96.2	13.5
Copper	1.9	1.9	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	13.5	13.5	13.5	13.5	13.5	13.5
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	80.5	73.4	73.4	52.9	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

Dec. 2024

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	79.0	69.8	69.8	56.3	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
All Wired	96.1	96.1	96.1	96.0	96.0	13.9
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	98.1	98.1	98.1	97.5	96.0	13.9
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	96.0	13.9
Any Terrestrial	98.3	98.3	98.3	97.5	96.0	13.9
Cable	95.8	95.8	95.8	95.8	95.8	0.0
Cable/Fiber	96.0	96.0	96.0	96.0	96.0	13.9
Copper	1.8	1.8	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	13.9	13.9	13.9	13.9	13.9	13.9
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	78.9	69.7	69.7	56.3	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0	0.0	0.0

June 2025

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	80.7	77.9	77.9	50.1	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
All Wired	96.0	96.0	96.0	96.0	96.0	14.2
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	98.8	98.8	98.8	97.8	96.0	14.2
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	14.2
Any Terrestrial	98.8	98.8	98.8	97.8	96.0	14.2
Cable	95.6	95.6	95.6	95.6	95.6	0.0
Cable/Fiber	96.0	96.0	96.0	96.0	96.0	14.2
Copper	1.6	1.6	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	14.3	14.3	14.3	14.3	14.3	14.2
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	80.6	77.9	77.9	50.1	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.0

FCC Broadband Data Collection (BDC), June 2025 filing vintage. Coverage values show the share of residential broadband serviceable locations by technology and speed tier across D22, J23, D23, J24, D24, and J25 filings.

Source: FCC Broadband Data Collection (BDC), June 2025 Filing (J25). Fixed coverage shows the share of residential broadband serviceable locations, and mobile coverage shows the share of tribal land area.