California / AIANNHCE 0435 / Federally-recognized area

Cahuilla

The full tribal profile includes the report map, demographic tables, broadband tables, FCC provider sections, and interactive charts.

96.6%25/3 availability

40.7%100/20 availability

0.0%1000/100 availability

9Fixed providers

Figure 1. Location of Cahuilla within California, with boundary detail (inset).

About the Tribal Area

Cahuilla Reservation is a reservation in California associated with this federally recognized tribe, and it spans about 29 square miles. The latest FCC BDC filing shows 9 fixed providers and 3 mobile providers across roughly 60 service locations, with current availability of 96.6% at 25/3 Mbps, 40.7% at 100/20, and 39.0% at 1000/100.

Tribal Area Description

Cahuilla is a federally recognized tribe in California with tribal lands. A Southern California tribe, historically basket weaving and adaptation to desert life.

Website Summary: cahuilla-nsn.gov

The Culture page for Cahuilla functions as a community information page rather than a long-form tribal history. It emphasizes local contacts, community resources, and links to regional programs and services. The available content is oriented toward practical resources rather than a dedicated narrative profile for the tribe.

Table 1. Demographics

Indicator	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Population	82	46	37	33	54	65
Households	27	19	13	14	14	18
Median age	27.5	27.4	26.8	53.6	28.9	28.9
Male / Female	50.0% / 50.0%	37.0% / 63.0%	40.5% / 59.5%	12.1% / 87.9%	44.4% / 55.6%	60.0% / 40.0%
Avg. household size	3.04	2.42	2.85	2.36	3.86	3.61
Pop. density (per sq mi)	2.8	1.6	1.3	1.1	1.9	2.3
HH density (per sq mi)	0.9	0.7	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.6

Table 2. Economic & Education

Indicator	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Median household income	$30,625	—	—	$48,750	—	—
Per capita income	$14,813	$13,774	$17,478	$21,812	$39,804	$46,851
Poverty rate	25.6%	47.8%	43.2%	42.4%	9.3%	0.0%
Unemployment rate	23.1%	16.7%	14.3%	22.2%	9.1%	0.0%
HS diploma or higher	47.2%	31.0%	23.8%	—	76.2%	88.0%
Bachelor's degree or higher	11.3%	6.9%	14.3%	—	16.7%	24.0%

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-Year Estimates. Queried by AIANNHCE code. Population and household density are calculated from Census population or households divided by land area in square miles.

Table 3. Download/Upload Speeds (Mbps)

Period	Download	Upload
2019Q1	68.1 Mbps	2.5 Mbps
2019Q2	0.0 Mbps	0.0 Mbps
2019Q3	0.0 Mbps	0.0 Mbps
2019Q4	54.6 Mbps	4.8 Mbps
2020Q1	0.0 Mbps	0.0 Mbps
2020Q2	0.0 Mbps	0.0 Mbps
2020Q3	68.3 Mbps	27.1 Mbps
2020Q4	56.8 Mbps	47.6 Mbps
2021Q1	49.5 Mbps	45.8 Mbps
2021Q2	76.6 Mbps	73.2 Mbps
2021Q3	66.3 Mbps	59.5 Mbps
2021Q4	69.9 Mbps	63.0 Mbps
2022Q1	84.5 Mbps	85.8 Mbps
2022Q2	78.5 Mbps	75.1 Mbps
2022Q3	96.8 Mbps	30.8 Mbps
2022Q4	131.7 Mbps	89.8 Mbps
2023Q1	110.0 Mbps	96.2 Mbps
2023Q2	106.0 Mbps	109.4 Mbps
2023Q3	112.3 Mbps	91.8 Mbps
2023Q4	60.7 Mbps	74.3 Mbps
2024Q1	85.4 Mbps	88.1 Mbps
2024Q2	81.9 Mbps	62.6 Mbps
2024Q3	76.6 Mbps	80.7 Mbps

Table 4. Coverage by Tier (%)

Year	25/3	100/20	1 Gbps
2015	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
2016	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
2017	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
2018	77.3%	32.0%	32.0%
2019	32.0%	32.0%	32.0%
2020	32.0%	32.0%	32.0%
2021	75.1%	34.1%	0.0%
2022	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%
2023	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%
2024	96.6%	40.7%	0.0%

Table 5. Adoption (%)

Year	All households	Low-income households
2017	35.3%	28.6%
2018	28.6%	100.0%
2019	29.6%	100.0%
2020	21.1%	100.0%
2021	30.8%	100.0%
2022	57.1%	100.0%
2023	78.6%	100.0%
2024	100.0%	0.0%

Table 6. Current Status (2024, %)

Tier	Coverage
25/3 Mbps	96.6%
100/20 Mbps	40.7%
1 Gbps	0.0%

Table 7. Comparison with National Averages (%)

Metric	Tribal	National
25/3 Mbps	96.6%	92%
100/20 Mbps	40.7%	85%
Adoption	100.0%	78%

Sources: FCC Broadband Data Collection, Ookla Open Data Initiative, and U.S. Census Bureau ACS 5-Year Estimates. National benchmarks are carried over from the report comparison section.

Figure 2. Speed Trends (2019–2024)

Figure 3. Availability (2015–2025)

Figure 4. Adoption (2017–2024)

Figure 5. Current Status (2024)

Figure 6. Comparison with National Averages

Figure 7. Fixed Coverage by Technology (25/3 Mbps)

Figure 8. Mobile Area Coverage

Notes: speed trends reflect quarterly mean throughput. Availability shows the share of population with access. Tooltips on the charts expose the underlying values for each series.

Table 8. Broadband Provider Summary

Metric	Value
Fixed broadband providers	9
Mobile broadband providers	3
Broadband serviceable locations	60

Table 9. Broadband Providers

Fixed	Mobile
AT&T Inc.	AT&T Inc.
Frontier Communications Corporation	T-Mobile USA, Inc.
T-Mobile USA, Inc.	Verizon Communications Inc.
EchoStar Corporation	—
Verizon Communications Inc.	—
Viasat, Inc.	—
California Internet	—
Anza Electric Cooperative, Inc.	—
Space Exploration Technologies Corp.	—

Table 10. Fixed Coverage by Technology (% of locations)

Technology	25/3	100/20	250/25	1 Gbps
Any Technology	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	40.0%
Fiber	40.0%	40.0%	40.0%	40.0%
Cable	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
Fixed Wireless	6.7%	1.7%	0.0%	0.0%
Copper (DSL)	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
Satellite	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	0.0%

Table 11. Mobile Coverage (% of area)

Technology	Coverage
4G LTE	100.0%
5G-NR (Speed Tier 1)	99.5%
5G-NR (Speed Tier 2)	97.6%
Total area (sq mi)	66.149

Table 8. Coverage by Tier and Technology (% of locations)

Dec. 2022

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	3.5	1.7	1.7	0.0	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
All Wired	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Any Terrestrial	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Cable	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cable/Fiber	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Copper	1.7	1.7	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	3.5	1.7	1.7	0.0	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

June 2023

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	2.9	2.9	2.9	0.0	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
All Wired	95.7	95.7	95.7	95.7	95.7	95.7
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	95.7	95.7	95.7	95.7	95.7	95.7
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	95.7	95.7
Any Terrestrial	95.7	95.7	95.7	95.7	95.7	95.7
Cable	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cable/Fiber	95.7	95.7	95.7	95.7	95.7	95.7
Copper	7.3	7.3	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	95.7	95.7	95.7	95.7	95.7	95.7
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	2.9	2.9	2.9	0.0	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

Dec. 2023

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	3.2	3.2	3.2	0.0	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
All Wired	92.1	92.1	92.1	92.1	92.1	92.1
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	92.1	92.1	92.1	92.1	92.1	92.1
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	92.1	92.1
Any Terrestrial	92.1	92.1	92.1	92.1	92.1	92.1
Cable	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cable/Fiber	92.1	92.1	92.1	92.1	92.1	92.1
Copper	6.3	6.3	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	92.1	92.1	92.1	92.1	92.1	92.1
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	3.2	3.2	3.2	0.0	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

June 2024

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	1.7	1.7	1.7	0.0	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
All Wired	98.3	98.3	98.3	98.3	98.3	98.3
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	98.3	98.3	98.3	98.3	98.3	98.3
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	98.3	98.3
Any Terrestrial	98.3	98.3	98.3	98.3	98.3	98.3
Cable	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cable/Fiber	98.3	98.3	98.3	98.3	98.3	98.3
Copper	6.7	6.7	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	98.3	98.3	98.3	98.3	98.3	98.3
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	1.7	1.7	1.7	0.0	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

Dec. 2024

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	5.0	5.0	5.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
All Wired	43.3	43.3	40.0	40.0	40.0	40.0
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	43.3	43.3	41.7	40.0	40.0	40.0
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	40.0	40.0
Any Terrestrial	43.3	43.3	41.7	40.0	40.0	40.0
Cable	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cable/Fiber	40.0	40.0	40.0	40.0	40.0	40.0
Copper	6.7	6.7	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	40.0	40.0	40.0	40.0	40.0	40.0
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	5.0	5.0	5.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

June 2025

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	6.7	6.7	6.7	1.7	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
All Wired	43.3	43.3	40.0	40.0	40.0	40.0
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	43.3	43.3	41.7	40.0	40.0	40.0
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	40.0
Any Terrestrial	43.3	43.3	41.7	40.0	40.0	40.0
Cable	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cable/Fiber	40.0	40.0	40.0	40.0	40.0	40.0
Copper	6.7	6.7	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	40.0	40.0	40.0	40.0	40.0	40.0
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	6.7	6.7	6.7	1.7	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

FCC Broadband Data Collection (BDC), June 2025 filing vintage. Coverage values show the share of residential broadband serviceable locations by technology and speed tier across D22, J23, D23, J24, D24, and J25 filings.

Source: FCC Broadband Data Collection (BDC), June 2025 Filing (J25). Fixed coverage shows the share of residential broadband serviceable locations, and mobile coverage shows the share of tribal land area.