California / AIANNHCE 1010 / Federally-recognized area

Elk Valley

The full tribal profile includes the report map, demographic tables, broadband tables, FCC provider sections, and interactive charts.

100.0%25/3 availability

100.0%100/20 availability

0.0%1000/100 availability

9Fixed providers

Figure 1. Location of Elk Valley within California, with boundary detail (inset).

About the Tribal Area

Elk Valley Rancheria in California is the primary broadband planning geography for this federally recognized tribe, and it spans about 0.1 square miles. FCC BDC records show 9 fixed providers and 4 mobile providers across roughly 5 service locations, and current service levels of 100.0% at 25/3 Mbps, 100.0% at 100/20, and 51.4% at 1000/100.

Tribal Area Description

Rancheria lands in California are associated with Elk Valley, a federally recognized tribe. Elk Valley Rancheria supports Tolowa culture, education, health, and housing initiatives in northern California.

Website Summary: elk-valley.com

The Elk Valley Rancheria Tribe invites you to learn about our history; and experience our culture, surroundings, and spirit. Nestled in the redwoods and located along the Northern California coast, Elk Valley Casino is here to make your visit memorable. Since time immemorial, our ancestors have lived in the Pacific Northwest, in what is now Southern Oregon and Northern California. Whether you are vacationing here or just traveling through, your gaming experience will be worth the visit.

Table 1. Demographics

Indicator	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Population	77	104	88	91	67	89
Households	42	42	32	36	26	32
Median age	62.5	61.7	61.0	64.4	64.2	64.1
Male / Female	44.2% / 55.8%	51.9% / 48.1%	28.4% / 71.6%	27.5% / 72.5%	31.3% / 68.7%	37.1% / 62.9%
Avg. household size	1.83	2.48	2.75	2.53	2.58	2.78
Pop. density (per sq mi)	552.2	745.8	631.1	652.6	480.5	638.2
HH density (per sq mi)	301.2	301.2	229.5	258.2	186.4	229.5

Table 2. Economic & Education

Indicator	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Median household income	—	—	—	$53,750	—	$67,500
Per capita income	$18,166	$21,939	$22,707	$24,943	$28,655	$34,257
Poverty rate	31.2%	17.3%	12.5%	16.5%	17.9%	9.0%
Unemployment rate	38.1%	31.3%	6.3%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
HS diploma or higher	50.8%	55.6%	72.2%	73.2%	74.5%	81.3%
Bachelor's degree or higher	30.2%	16.0%	11.1%	9.9%	—	3.1%

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-Year Estimates. Queried by AIANNHCE code. Population and household density are calculated from Census population or households divided by land area in square miles.

Table 3. Download/Upload Speeds (Mbps)

Period	Download	Upload
2019Q1	96.8 Mbps	15.1 Mbps
2019Q2	294.8 Mbps	28.7 Mbps
2019Q3	85.8 Mbps	10.5 Mbps
2019Q4	127.2 Mbps	13.8 Mbps
2020Q1	144.0 Mbps	14.3 Mbps
2020Q2	137.0 Mbps	13.5 Mbps
2020Q3	117.2 Mbps	13.1 Mbps
2020Q4	99.8 Mbps	12.3 Mbps
2021Q1	140.3 Mbps	13.7 Mbps
2021Q2	90.6 Mbps	10.1 Mbps
2021Q3	147.2 Mbps	13.8 Mbps
2021Q4	71.0 Mbps	13.3 Mbps
2022Q1	80.0 Mbps	15.3 Mbps
2022Q2	147.4 Mbps	15.1 Mbps
2022Q3	99.8 Mbps	10.5 Mbps
2022Q4	155.9 Mbps	10.8 Mbps
2023Q1	122.2 Mbps	12.6 Mbps
2023Q2	204.4 Mbps	12.8 Mbps
2023Q3	161.9 Mbps	18.6 Mbps
2023Q4	223.2 Mbps	21.7 Mbps
2024Q1	194.2 Mbps	9.6 Mbps
2024Q2	349.5 Mbps	29.2 Mbps
2024Q3	347.4 Mbps	190.2 Mbps

Table 4. Coverage by Tier (%)

Year	25/3	100/20	1 Gbps
2015	100.0%	0.0%	0.0%
2016	100.0%	0.0%	0.0%
2017	100.0%	0.0%	0.0%
2018	100.0%	100.0%	0.0%
2019	100.0%	100.0%	0.0%
2020	100.0%	100.0%	0.0%
2021	100.0%	100.0%	0.0%
2022	100.0%	100.0%	0.0%
2023	100.0%	100.0%	2.6%
2024	100.0%	100.0%	0.0%

Table 5. Adoption (%)

Year	All households	Low-income households
2017	32.7%	12.5%
2018	36.6%	9.1%
2019	19.0%	35.0%
2020	45.2%	33.3%
2021	53.1%	53.8%
2022	63.9%	38.5%
2023	61.5%	50.0%
2024	75.0%	60.0%

Table 6. Current Status (2024, %)

Tier	Coverage
25/3 Mbps	100.0%
100/20 Mbps	100.0%
1 Gbps	0.0%

Table 7. Comparison with National Averages (%)

Metric	Tribal	National
25/3 Mbps	100.0%	92%
100/20 Mbps	100.0%	85%
Adoption	75.0%	78%

Sources: FCC Broadband Data Collection, Ookla Open Data Initiative, and U.S. Census Bureau ACS 5-Year Estimates. National benchmarks are carried over from the report comparison section.

Figure 2. Speed Trends (2019–2024)

Figure 3. Availability (2015–2025)

Figure 4. Adoption (2017–2024)

Figure 5. Current Status (2024)

Figure 6. Comparison with National Averages

Figure 7. Fixed Coverage by Technology (25/3 Mbps)

Figure 8. Mobile Area Coverage

Notes: speed trends reflect quarterly mean throughput. Availability shows the share of population with access. Tooltips on the charts expose the underlying values for each series.

Table 8. Broadband Provider Summary

Metric	Value
Fixed broadband providers	9
Mobile broadband providers	4
Broadband serviceable locations	5

Table 9. Broadband Providers

Fixed	Mobile
Charter Communications	AT&T Inc.
Frontier Communications Corporation	T-Mobile USA, Inc.
T-Mobile USA, Inc.	Telephone and Data Systems, Inc.
EchoStar Corporation	Verizon Communications Inc.
Telephone and Data Systems, Inc.	—
Verizon Communications Inc.	—
Viasat, Inc.	—
California Internet	—
Space Exploration Technologies Corp.	—

Table 10. Fixed Coverage by Technology (% of locations)

Technology	25/3	100/20	250/25	1 Gbps
Any Technology	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	20.0%
Fiber	20.0%	20.0%	20.0%	20.0%
Cable	80.0%	80.0%	80.0%	0.0%
Fixed Wireless	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
Copper (DSL)	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
Satellite	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	0.0%

Table 11. Mobile Coverage (% of area)

Technology	Coverage
4G LTE	100.0%
5G-NR (Speed Tier 1)	100.0%
5G-NR (Speed Tier 2)	100.0%
Total area (sq mi)	1.791

Table 8. Coverage by Tier and Technology (% of locations)

Dec. 2022

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25
All Fixed Wireless	94.7	40.4	40.4	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
All Wired	82.5	82.5	82.5	82.5	82.5
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	98.3	93.0	93.0	82.5	82.5
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	82.5	82.5
Any Terrestrial	98.3	93.0	93.0	82.5	82.5
Cable	82.5	82.5	82.5	82.5	82.5
Cable/Fiber	82.5	82.5	82.5	82.5	82.5
Copper	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	94.7	40.4	40.4	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

June 2023

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25
All Fixed Wireless	83.9	48.2	33.9	8.9	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
All Wired	85.7	85.7	85.7	85.7	85.7
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	94.6	91.1	91.1	85.7	85.7
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	85.7
Any Terrestrial	94.6	91.1	91.1	85.7	85.7
Cable	85.7	85.7	85.7	85.7	85.7
Cable/Fiber	85.7	85.7	85.7	85.7	85.7
Copper	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	83.9	48.2	33.9	8.9	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

Dec. 2023

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25
All Fixed Wireless	88.3	56.7	46.7	15.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
All Wired	86.7	86.7	86.7	86.7	86.7
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	95.0	91.7	91.7	86.7	86.7
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	86.7
Any Terrestrial	95.0	91.7	91.7	86.7	86.7
Cable	86.7	86.7	86.7	86.7	86.7
Cable/Fiber	86.7	86.7	86.7	86.7	86.7
Copper	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	88.3	56.7	46.7	15.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

June 2024

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25
All Fixed Wireless	86.0	56.1	45.6	43.9	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
All Wired	87.7	87.7	87.7	87.7	87.7
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	94.7	93.0	93.0	93.0	87.7
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	87.7
Any Terrestrial	94.7	93.0	93.0	93.0	87.7
Cable	87.7	87.7	87.7	87.7	87.7
Cable/Fiber	87.7	87.7	87.7	87.7	87.7
Copper	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	86.0	56.1	45.6	43.9	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

Dec. 2024

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	84.5	50.0	37.9	36.2	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
All Wired	87.9	87.9	87.9	87.9	87.9	41.4
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	94.8	93.1	93.1	93.1	87.9	41.4
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	87.9	41.4
Any Terrestrial	94.8	93.1	93.1	93.1	87.9	41.4
Cable	87.9	87.9	87.9	87.9	87.9	0.0
Cable/Fiber	87.9	87.9	87.9	87.9	87.9	41.4
Copper	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	41.4	41.4	41.4	41.4	41.4	41.4
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	84.5	50.0	37.9	36.2	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

June 2025

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	86.2	50.0	37.9	37.9	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
All Wired	89.7	89.7	89.7	89.7	89.7	58.6
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	98.3	94.8	94.8	94.8	89.7	58.6
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	58.6
Any Terrestrial	98.3	94.8	94.8	94.8	89.7	58.6
Cable	86.2	86.2	86.2	86.2	86.2	0.0
Cable/Fiber	89.7	89.7	89.7	89.7	89.7	58.6
Copper	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	58.6	58.6	58.6	58.6	58.6	58.6
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	86.2	50.0	37.9	37.9	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

FCC Broadband Data Collection (BDC), June 2025 filing vintage. Coverage values show the share of residential broadband serviceable locations by technology and speed tier across D22, J23, D23, J24, D24, and J25 filings.

Source: FCC Broadband Data Collection (BDC), June 2025 Filing (J25). Fixed coverage shows the share of residential broadband serviceable locations, and mobile coverage shows the share of tribal land area.