California / AIANNHCE 2835 / Federally-recognized area

Pit River

The full tribal profile includes the report map, demographic tables, broadband tables, FCC provider sections, and interactive charts.

100.0%25/3 availability

60.0%100/20 availability

0.0%1000/100 availability

8Fixed providers

Figure 1. Location of Pit River within California, with boundary detail (inset).

About the Tribal Area

Federally recognized tribe in California, centered on Pit River Trust Land, spans about 0.4 square miles. FCC BDC records show 8 fixed providers and 3 mobile providers across roughly 5 service locations, with current availability of 100.0% at 25/3 Mbps, and 60.0% at 100/20.

Tribal Area Description

In California, Pit River has tribal lands managed by a federally recognized tribe. Pit River Tribe consists of eleven bands in California focusing on land rights and.

Website Summary: pitrivertribe.gov

Other villages were located in the south of the territory along the Pit River and out on the Devils Garden area. Today, they are federally recognized indians and one of eleven bands making up the Pit River Nation. The story has been handed down that Hewise knew the soldiers were coming to kill them all so they hid their babies and young children under baskets and covered them with brush and dirt, while the adults scattered. The Hewise people never signed a treaty with the United States; their land was simply confiscated. Today, the Hewisedawi have survived and continue to live in what is now called Modoc County, as well as throughout the West. The extinction of the elk, grizzly bear, wolf, and moose is a direct result of the arrival of whites into the area.

Table 1. Demographics

Indicator	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Population	0	0	0	0	7	9
Households	0	0	0	0	3	5
Median age	—	—	—	—	66.3	65.5
Male / Female	— / —	— / —	— / —	— / —	28.6% / 71.4%	33.3% / 66.7%
Avg. household size	—	—	—	—	2.33	1.80
Pop. density (per sq mi)	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	16.7	21.4
HH density (per sq mi)	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7.2	11.9

Table 2. Economic & Education

Indicator	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Median household income	—	—	—	—	—	—
Per capita income	—	—	—	—	$31,671	$31,844
Poverty rate	—	—	—	—	42.9%	33.3%
Unemployment rate	—	—	—	—	—	0.0%
HS diploma or higher	—	—	—	—	—	—
Bachelor's degree or higher	—	—	—	—	—	—

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-Year Estimates. Queried by AIANNHCE code. Population and household density are calculated from Census population or households divided by land area in square miles.

Table 3. Download/Upload Speeds (Mbps)

Period	Download	Upload
2019Q1	3.4 Mbps	1.7 Mbps
2019Q2	22.9 Mbps	5.2 Mbps
2019Q3	0.0 Mbps	0.0 Mbps
2019Q4	33.4 Mbps	3.7 Mbps
2020Q1	35.6 Mbps	5.5 Mbps
2020Q2	32.7 Mbps	5.9 Mbps
2020Q3	45.2 Mbps	8.4 Mbps
2020Q4	18.1 Mbps	1.0 Mbps
2021Q1	71.2 Mbps	3.8 Mbps
2021Q2	30.3 Mbps	1.9 Mbps
2021Q3	76.3 Mbps	11.8 Mbps
2021Q4	53.9 Mbps	13.7 Mbps
2022Q1	47.4 Mbps	7.8 Mbps
2022Q2	60.1 Mbps	9.3 Mbps
2022Q3	42.8 Mbps	3.2 Mbps
2022Q4	28.3 Mbps	12.0 Mbps
2023Q1	79.4 Mbps	5.7 Mbps
2023Q2	84.3 Mbps	7.3 Mbps
2023Q3	9.3 Mbps	2.0 Mbps
2023Q4	79.0 Mbps	2.0 Mbps
2024Q1	52.0 Mbps	3.9 Mbps
2024Q2	45.5 Mbps	9.6 Mbps
2024Q3	86.9 Mbps	2.6 Mbps

Table 4. Coverage by Tier (%)

Year	25/3	100/20	1 Gbps
2015	75.9%	0.0%	0.0%
2016	75.9%	0.0%	0.0%
2017	75.9%	0.0%	0.0%
2018	100.0%	0.0%	0.0%
2019	100.0%	0.0%	0.0%
2020	100.0%	0.0%	0.0%
2021	100.0%	0.0%	0.0%
2022	80.0%	80.0%	0.0%
2023	80.0%	80.0%	0.0%
2024	100.0%	60.0%	0.0%

Table 5. Adoption (%)

Year	All households	Low-income households
2017	0.0%	0.0%
2018	0.0%	0.0%
2019	0.0%	0.0%
2020	0.0%	0.0%
2021	0.0%	0.0%
2022	0.0%	0.0%
2023	100.0%	100.0%
2024	60.0%	100.0%

Table 6. Current Status (2024, %)

Tier	Coverage
25/3 Mbps	100.0%
100/20 Mbps	60.0%
1 Gbps	0.0%

Table 7. Comparison with National Averages (%)

Metric	Tribal	National
25/3 Mbps	100.0%	92%
100/20 Mbps	60.0%	85%
Adoption	60.0%	78%

Sources: FCC Broadband Data Collection, Ookla Open Data Initiative, and U.S. Census Bureau ACS 5-Year Estimates. National benchmarks are carried over from the report comparison section.

Figure 2. Speed Trends (2019–2024)

Figure 3. Availability (2015–2025)

Figure 4. Adoption (2017–2024)

Figure 5. Current Status (2024)

Figure 6. Comparison with National Averages

Figure 7. Fixed Coverage by Technology (25/3 Mbps)

Figure 8. Mobile Area Coverage

Notes: speed trends reflect quarterly mean throughput. Availability shows the share of population with access. Tooltips on the charts expose the underlying values for each series.

Table 8. Broadband Provider Summary

Metric	Value
Fixed broadband providers	8
Mobile broadband providers	3
Broadband serviceable locations	5

Table 9. Broadband Providers

Fixed	Mobile
Frontier Communications Corporation	AT&T Inc.
T-Mobile USA, Inc.	T-Mobile USA, Inc.
EchoStar Corporation	Verizon Communications Inc.
Verizon Communications Inc.	—
Zito West Holding, LLC	—
Viasat, Inc.	—
Com-Pair Services	—
Space Exploration Technologies Corp.	—

Table 10. Fixed Coverage by Technology (% of locations)

Technology	25/3	100/20	250/25	1 Gbps
Any Technology	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	0.0%
Fiber	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
Cable	60.0%	60.0%	60.0%	0.0%
Fixed Wireless	80.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
Copper (DSL)	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
Satellite	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	0.0%

Table 11. Mobile Coverage (% of area)

Technology	Coverage
4G LTE	100.0%
5G-NR (Speed Tier 1)	100.0%
5G-NR (Speed Tier 2)	100.0%
Total area (sq mi)	1.053

Table 8. Coverage by Tier and Technology (% of locations)

Dec. 2022

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25
All Fixed Wireless	80.0	80.0	80.0	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
All Wired	80.0	80.0	80.0	80.0	80.0
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	80.0	80.0	80.0	80.0	80.0
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	80.0	80.0
Any Terrestrial	80.0	80.0	80.0	80.0	80.0
Cable	80.0	80.0	80.0	80.0	80.0
Cable/Fiber	80.0	80.0	80.0	80.0	80.0
Copper	60.0	60.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	20.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	80.0	80.0	80.0	0.0	0.0

June 2023

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25
All Fixed Wireless	66.7	66.7	66.7	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
All Wired	66.7	66.7	66.7	66.7	66.7
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	66.7	66.7	66.7	66.7	66.7
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	66.7
Any Terrestrial	66.7	66.7	66.7	66.7	66.7
Cable	66.7	66.7	66.7	66.7	66.7
Cable/Fiber	66.7	66.7	66.7	66.7	66.7
Copper	50.0	50.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	66.7	66.7	66.7	0.0	0.0

Dec. 2023

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25
All Fixed Wireless	80.0	80.0	80.0	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
All Wired	80.0	80.0	80.0	80.0	80.0
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	80.0	80.0	80.0	80.0	80.0
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	80.0
Any Terrestrial	80.0	80.0	80.0	80.0	80.0
Cable	80.0	80.0	80.0	80.0	80.0
Cable/Fiber	80.0	80.0	80.0	80.0	80.0
Copper	60.0	60.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	80.0	80.0	80.0	0.0	0.0

June 2024

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25
All Fixed Wireless	20.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
All Wired	80.0	80.0	60.0	60.0	60.0
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	80.0	80.0	60.0	60.0	60.0
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	60.0
Any Terrestrial	80.0	80.0	60.0	60.0	60.0
Cable	60.0	60.0	60.0	60.0	60.0
Cable/Fiber	60.0	60.0	60.0	60.0	60.0
Copper	60.0	60.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	20.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

Dec. 2024

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25
All Fixed Wireless	80.0	80.0	80.0	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
All Wired	80.0	80.0	60.0	60.0	60.0
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	80.0	80.0	80.0	60.0	60.0
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	60.0
Any Terrestrial	80.0	80.0	80.0	60.0	60.0
Cable	60.0	60.0	60.0	60.0	60.0
Cable/Fiber	60.0	60.0	60.0	60.0	60.0
Copper	60.0	60.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	80.0	20.0	20.0	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	80.0	80.0	80.0	0.0	0.0

June 2025

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25
All Fixed Wireless	80.0	80.0	80.0	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
All Wired	80.0	80.0	60.0	60.0	60.0
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	80.0	80.0	80.0	60.0	60.0
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Any Terrestrial	80.0	80.0	80.0	60.0	60.0
Cable	60.0	60.0	60.0	60.0	60.0
Cable/Fiber	60.0	60.0	60.0	60.0	60.0
Copper	60.0	60.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	80.0	20.0	20.0	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	80.0	80.0	80.0	0.0	0.0

FCC Broadband Data Collection (BDC), June 2025 filing vintage. Coverage values show the share of residential broadband serviceable locations by technology and speed tier across D22, J23, D23, J24, D24, and J25 filings.

Source: FCC Broadband Data Collection (BDC), June 2025 Filing (J25). Fixed coverage shows the share of residential broadband serviceable locations, and mobile coverage shows the share of tribal land area.