California / AIANNHCE 3165 / Federally-recognized area

Rincon

The full tribal profile includes the report map, demographic tables, broadband tables, FCC provider sections, and interactive charts.

25.7%25/3 availability

16.9%100/20 availability

0.0%1000/100 availability

9Fixed providers

Figure 1. Location of Rincon within California, with boundary detail (inset).

About the Tribal Area

In California, this federally recognized tribe uses Rincon Reservation as its main reservation, and it spans about 6.3 square miles. FCC BDC records show 9 fixed providers and 4 mobile providers serving roughly 564 service locations, with current availability of 25.7% at 25/3 Mbps, 16.9% at 100/20, and 0.2% at 1000/100.

Tribal Area Description

A federally recognized tribe in California, Rincon is organized around tribal lands. The land base is relevant for broadband planning due to rural service coverage and middle-mile access constraints.

Website Summary: rincon-nsn.gov

Located on the tribe’s 5,000-acre reservation, all profits from the casino-resort go to fund the Rincon Tribal Government. A democratically elected Tribal Council has legislative, administrative and legal governing responsibilities for the 525 tribal members and the Rincon Reservation. This includes generating economic development projects like Harrah’s Rincon Casino and Resort to fund government services such as police and fire services, a water district, courts, roads and transportation, health care and other human and property related services. Much has changed positively for the Rincon people, as a result of tribal gaming. But, Harrah’s Rincon is unique because it is owned by a band of American Indians – the Rincon Band of Luiseño Indians. It was from this piece of land – The Rincon Reservation – that they would cling to hope for a better future, despite poverty and broken promises.

Table 1. Demographics

Indicator	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Population	877	732	660	810	1,059	749
Households	237	211	189	243	302	228
Median age	32.6	33.9	33.8	34.7	34.5	36.2
Male / Female	48.6% / 51.4%	49.9% / 50.1%	47.7% / 52.3%	53.3% / 46.7%	54.3% / 45.7%	47.8% / 52.2%
Avg. household size	3.70	3.47	3.49	3.33	3.51	3.29
Pop. density (per sq mi)	139.7	116.6	105.1	129.0	168.7	119.3
HH density (per sq mi)	37.8	33.6	30.1	38.7	48.1	36.3

Table 2. Economic & Education

Indicator	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Median household income	$74,375	$90,938	$95,417	$80,625	$107,500	$97,500
Per capita income	$30,141	$33,360	$33,988	$34,338	$33,796	$36,064
Poverty rate	16.2%	12.3%	10.6%	7.0%	4.7%	7.2%
Unemployment rate	3.3%	3.4%	2.6%	1.7%	2.6%	6.2%
HS diploma or higher	44.9%	47.4%	49.3%	54.7%	50.5%	48.2%
Bachelor's degree or higher	6.9%	4.7%	5.0%	4.4%	8.1%	8.5%

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-Year Estimates. Queried by AIANNHCE code. Population and household density are calculated from Census population or households divided by land area in square miles.

Table 3. Download/Upload Speeds (Mbps)

Period	Download	Upload
2019Q1	24.4 Mbps	8.3 Mbps
2019Q2	18.8 Mbps	16.1 Mbps
2019Q3	16.0 Mbps	2.6 Mbps
2019Q4	15.1 Mbps	9.0 Mbps
2020Q1	11.5 Mbps	14.4 Mbps
2020Q2	78.5 Mbps	20.8 Mbps
2020Q3	100.8 Mbps	40.1 Mbps
2020Q4	340.4 Mbps	36.3 Mbps
2021Q1	177.0 Mbps	22.3 Mbps
2021Q2	181.4 Mbps	20.8 Mbps
2021Q3	57.0 Mbps	13.8 Mbps
2021Q4	236.7 Mbps	29.9 Mbps
2022Q1	51.4 Mbps	8.7 Mbps
2022Q2	148.4 Mbps	45.3 Mbps
2022Q3	217.5 Mbps	29.9 Mbps
2022Q4	130.1 Mbps	21.9 Mbps
2023Q1	196.7 Mbps	27.2 Mbps
2023Q2	290.3 Mbps	30.3 Mbps
2023Q3	185.1 Mbps	16.0 Mbps
2023Q4	68.4 Mbps	20.7 Mbps
2024Q1	95.4 Mbps	59.5 Mbps
2024Q2	118.9 Mbps	36.3 Mbps
2024Q3	296.8 Mbps	69.7 Mbps

Table 4. Coverage by Tier (%)

Year	25/3	100/20	1 Gbps
2015	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
2016	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
2017	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
2018	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
2019	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
2020	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
2021	100.0%	54.5%	0.0%
2022	46.2%	1.6%	0.0%
2023	11.3%	5.2%	0.0%
2024	25.7%	16.9%	0.0%

Table 5. Adoption (%)

Year	All households	Low-income households
2017	29.3%	56.1%
2018	38.3%	55.9%
2019	49.4%	66.7%
2020	58.8%	72.2%
2021	73.0%	75.0%
2022	83.5%	81.8%
2023	89.7%	75.0%
2024	84.6%	100.0%

Table 6. Current Status (2024, %)

Tier	Coverage
25/3 Mbps	25.7%
100/20 Mbps	16.9%
1 Gbps	0.0%

Table 7. Comparison with National Averages (%)

Metric	Tribal	National
25/3 Mbps	25.7%	92%
100/20 Mbps	16.9%	85%
Adoption	84.6%	78%

Sources: FCC Broadband Data Collection, Ookla Open Data Initiative, and U.S. Census Bureau ACS 5-Year Estimates. National benchmarks are carried over from the report comparison section.

Figure 2. Speed Trends (2019–2024)

Figure 3. Availability (2015–2025)

Figure 4. Adoption (2017–2024)

Figure 5. Current Status (2024)

Figure 6. Comparison with National Averages

Figure 7. Fixed Coverage by Technology (25/3 Mbps)

Figure 8. Mobile Area Coverage

Notes: speed trends reflect quarterly mean throughput. Availability shows the share of population with access. Tooltips on the charts expose the underlying values for each series.

Table 8. Broadband Provider Summary

Metric	Value
Fixed broadband providers	9
Mobile broadband providers	4
Broadband serviceable locations	564

Table 9. Broadband Providers

Fixed	Mobile
AT&T Inc.	AT&T Inc.
T-Mobile USA, Inc.	T-Mobile USA, Inc.
EchoStar Corporation	Verizon Communications Inc.
Mediacom Communications Corp.	Dish Network Corporation
Verizon Communications Inc.	—
San Diego Broadband	—
Viasat, Inc.	—
Valley Center Wireless	—
Space Exploration Technologies Corp.	—

Table 10. Fixed Coverage by Technology (% of locations)

Technology	25/3	100/20	250/25	1 Gbps
Any Technology	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	0.2%
Fiber	0.2%	0.2%	0.2%	0.2%
Cable	1.4%	1.4%	1.4%	0.0%
Fixed Wireless	60.5%	58.0%	57.8%	0.0%
Copper (DSL)	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
Satellite	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	0.0%

Table 11. Mobile Coverage (% of area)

Technology	Coverage
4G LTE	85.7%
5G-NR (Speed Tier 1)	81.0%
5G-NR (Speed Tier 2)	47.6%
Total area (sq mi)	2.212

Table 8. Coverage by Tier and Technology (% of locations)

Dec. 2022

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25
All Fixed Wireless	100.0	100.0	90.9	59.0	59.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
All Wired	3.0	3.0	2.0	2.0	2.0
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	89.5	44.6	43.1	2.0	2.0
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	61.0	61.0
Any Terrestrial	100.0	100.0	90.9	61.0	61.0
Cable	2.0	2.0	2.0	2.0	2.0
Cable/Fiber	2.0	2.0	2.0	2.0	2.0
Copper	1.0	1.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	89.5	42.9	41.4	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	100.0	100.0	90.9	59.0	59.0

June 2023

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20
All Fixed Wireless	90.0	90.0	26.1	8.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
All Wired	2.0	1.5	0.0	0.0
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	13.6	12.1	9.1	5.5
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Any Terrestrial	90.0	90.0	26.1	8.0
Cable	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cable/Fiber	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Copper	2.0	1.5	0.0	0.0
Fiber	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	13.6	12.1	9.1	5.5
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	86.4	86.4	18.1	2.5

Dec. 2023

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25
All Fixed Wireless	99.4	99.4	66.4	64.1	63.9
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
All Wired	4.0	3.8	1.7	1.7	1.7
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	17.1	13.8	13.2	6.3	1.7
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	65.5
Any Terrestrial	99.4	99.4	67.6	65.8	65.5
Cable	1.7	1.7	1.7	1.7	1.7
Cable/Fiber	1.7	1.7	1.7	1.7	1.7
Copper	2.3	2.1	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	15.7	12.1	11.9	4.6	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	99.4	99.4	63.9	63.9	63.9

June 2024

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25
All Fixed Wireless	99.8	99.8	93.5	72.0	62.5
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
All Wired	4.4	3.3	1.4	1.4	1.4
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	20.0	18.2	17.8	9.3	1.4
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	64.0
Any Terrestrial	99.8	99.8	93.5	73.5	64.0
Cable	1.4	1.4	1.4	1.4	1.4
Cable/Fiber	1.4	1.4	1.4	1.4	1.4
Copper	2.9	1.8	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	18.9	16.7	16.7	7.8	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	99.8	99.8	86.7	65.5	62.5

Dec. 2024

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	99.8	99.8	93.5	72.5	57.4	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
All Wired	9.9	5.6	4.2	4.2	4.2	0.2
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	29.9	26.4	26.2	18.1	4.2	0.2
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	57.6	0.2
Any Terrestrial	99.8	99.8	93.5	72.5	57.6	0.2
Cable	4.0	4.0	4.0	4.0	4.0	0.0
Cable/Fiber	4.2	4.2	4.2	4.2	4.2	0.2
Copper	6.0	1.8	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	26.1	22.2	22.2	14.1	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	99.8	99.8	87.0	66.2	57.4	0.0

June 2025

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	95.2	94.9	60.5	58.0	57.8	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
All Wired	6.6	3.2	1.6	1.6	1.6	0.2
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	14.4	3.9	2.3	1.9	1.6	0.2
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.2
Any Terrestrial	98.6	94.9	61.9	59.6	59.4	0.2
Cable	1.4	1.4	1.4	1.4	1.4	0.0
Cable/Fiber	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.6	0.2
Copper	5.1	1.8	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	8.7	0.7	0.7	0.3	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	94.9	94.9	60.1	57.8	57.8	0.0

FCC Broadband Data Collection (BDC), June 2025 filing vintage. Coverage values show the share of residential broadband serviceable locations by technology and speed tier across D22, J23, D23, J24, D24, and J25 filings.

Source: FCC Broadband Data Collection (BDC), June 2025 Filing (J25). Fixed coverage shows the share of residential broadband serviceable locations, and mobile coverage shows the share of tribal land area.