California / AIANNHCE 3460 / Federally-recognized area

San Pasqual

The full tribal profile includes the report map, demographic tables, broadband tables, FCC provider sections, and interactive charts.

76.6%25/3 availability

73.9%100/20 availability

0.0%1000/100 availability

9Fixed providers

Figure 1. Location of San Pasqual within California, with boundary detail (inset).

About the Tribal Area

In California, this federally recognized tribe uses San Pasqual Reservation as its main reservation, and it spans about 2.2 square miles. FCC BDC records show 9 fixed providers and 4 mobile providers serving roughly 11 service locations, with current availability of 76.6% at 25/3 Mbps, and 73.9% at 100/20.

Tribal Area Description

A federally recognized tribe in California, San Pasqual is organized around tribal lands. The land base is relevant for broadband planning due to rural service coverage and middle-mile access constraints.

Website Summary: www.sanpasqualbandofmissionindians.org

The San Pasqual Band of Mission Indians website describes the Tribe as a federally recognized Kumeyaay nation and presents information on its history, culture, government, and enterprises. The site welcomes visitors with updates on community initiatives and public documents while emphasizing stewardship of tribal lands and preservation of cultural traditions. It also frames the Tribe's work around strengthening prosperity, supporting community well-being, and building a better future for current citizens and future generations.

Table 1. Demographics

Indicator	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Population	918	914	878	934	1,153	833
Households	253	249	243	260	292	249
Median age	31.7	32.0	32.5	32.4	33.2	35.4
Male / Female	49.3% / 50.7%	48.5% / 51.5%	50.5% / 49.5%	51.3% / 48.7%	57.0% / 43.0%	50.7% / 49.3%
Avg. household size	3.63	3.65	3.59	3.58	3.94	3.34
Pop. density (per sq mi)	414.9	413.1	396.8	422.1	521.1	376.4
HH density (per sq mi)	114.3	112.5	109.8	117.5	132.0	112.5

Table 2. Economic & Education

Indicator	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Median household income	$58,750	$71,563	$64,750	$67,500	$95,625	$99,063
Per capita income	$26,263	$27,774	$29,634	$28,397	$33,403	$36,038
Poverty rate	14.4%	13.6%	13.6%	10.0%	7.5%	7.9%
Unemployment rate	9.8%	7.4%	5.7%	4.8%	3.7%	3.3%
HS diploma or higher	45.9%	48.9%	49.5%	54.8%	62.6%	56.0%
Bachelor's degree or higher	11.6%	13.3%	10.2%	9.2%	15.0%	8.2%

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-Year Estimates. Queried by AIANNHCE code. Population and household density are calculated from Census population or households divided by land area in square miles.

Table 3. Download/Upload Speeds (Mbps)

Period	Download	Upload
2019Q1	20.9 Mbps	4.9 Mbps
2019Q2	30.8 Mbps	14.7 Mbps
2019Q3	48.7 Mbps	12.4 Mbps
2019Q4	49.1 Mbps	14.3 Mbps
2020Q1	39.0 Mbps	11.6 Mbps
2020Q2	26.5 Mbps	9.0 Mbps
2020Q3	20.6 Mbps	3.8 Mbps
2020Q4	27.0 Mbps	7.7 Mbps
2021Q1	29.1 Mbps	11.6 Mbps
2021Q2	28.8 Mbps	5.8 Mbps
2021Q3	33.6 Mbps	12.1 Mbps
2021Q4	36.3 Mbps	8.6 Mbps
2022Q1	70.9 Mbps	13.8 Mbps
2022Q2	77.2 Mbps	8.8 Mbps
2022Q3	77.8 Mbps	11.9 Mbps
2022Q4	173.7 Mbps	12.1 Mbps
2023Q1	122.8 Mbps	18.3 Mbps
2023Q2	101.1 Mbps	15.9 Mbps
2023Q3	152.9 Mbps	14.5 Mbps
2023Q4	80.9 Mbps	12.7 Mbps
2024Q1	66.8 Mbps	12.1 Mbps
2024Q2	280.8 Mbps	29.9 Mbps
2024Q3	36.8 Mbps	5.9 Mbps

Table 4. Coverage by Tier (%)

Year	25/3	100/20	1 Gbps
2015	55.1%	55.1%	0.0%
2016	66.7%	55.1%	0.0%
2017	100.0%	100.0%	0.0%
2018	100.0%	100.0%	0.0%
2019	100.0%	100.0%	0.0%
2020	100.0%	100.0%	0.0%
2021	100.0%	70.8%	0.0%
2022	84.3%	58.6%	0.0%
2023	34.6%	31.2%	0.0%
2024	76.6%	73.9%	0.0%

Table 5. Adoption (%)

Year	All households	Low-income households
2017	27.8%	67.7%
2018	35.4%	57.1%
2019	44.3%	68.4%
2020	55.0%	67.7%
2021	62.1%	62.5%
2022	70.0%	65.5%
2023	61.0%	75.0%
2024	81.9%	83.3%

Table 6. Current Status (2024, %)

Tier	Coverage
25/3 Mbps	76.6%
100/20 Mbps	73.9%
1 Gbps	0.0%

Table 7. Comparison with National Averages (%)

Metric	Tribal	National
25/3 Mbps	76.6%	92%
100/20 Mbps	73.9%	85%
Adoption	81.9%	78%

Sources: FCC Broadband Data Collection, Ookla Open Data Initiative, and U.S. Census Bureau ACS 5-Year Estimates. National benchmarks are carried over from the report comparison section.

Figure 2. Speed Trends (2019–2024)

Figure 3. Availability (2015–2025)

Figure 4. Adoption (2017–2024)

Figure 5. Current Status (2024)

Figure 6. Comparison with National Averages

Figure 7. Fixed Coverage by Technology (25/3 Mbps)

Figure 8. Mobile Area Coverage

Notes: speed trends reflect quarterly mean throughput. Availability shows the share of population with access. Tooltips on the charts expose the underlying values for each series.

Table 8. Broadband Provider Summary

Metric	Value
Fixed broadband providers	9
Mobile broadband providers	4
Broadband serviceable locations	11

Table 9. Broadband Providers

Fixed	Mobile
AT&T Inc.	AT&T Inc.
T-Mobile USA, Inc.	T-Mobile USA, Inc.
EchoStar Corporation	Verizon Communications Inc.
Mediacom Communications Corp.	Dish Network Corporation
Verizon Communications Inc.	—
San Diego Broadband	—
Viasat, Inc.	—
Valley Center Wireless	—
Space Exploration Technologies Corp.	—

Table 10. Fixed Coverage by Technology (% of locations)

Technology	25/3	100/20	250/25	1 Gbps
Any Technology	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	0.0%
Fiber	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
Cable	18.2%	18.2%	18.2%	0.0%
Fixed Wireless	90.9%	81.8%	81.8%	0.0%
Copper (DSL)	9.1%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
Satellite	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	0.0%

Table 11. Mobile Coverage (% of area)

Technology	Coverage
4G LTE	100.0%
5G-NR (Speed Tier 1)	89.5%
5G-NR (Speed Tier 2)	47.4%
Total area (sq mi)	2.001

Table 8. Coverage by Tier and Technology (% of locations)

Dec. 2022

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25
All Fixed Wireless	100.0	98.8	92.3	62.4	40.6
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
All Wired	26.9	25.2	23.4	18.4	18.3
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	99.2	84.3	84.0	56.1	18.3
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	69.5	56.9
Any Terrestrial	100.0	98.8	92.3	69.5	56.9
Cable	18.3	18.3	18.3	18.3	18.3
Cable/Fiber	18.3	18.3	18.3	18.3	18.3
Copper	12.7	11.0	8.0	0.5	0.0
Fiber	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	99.1	82.7	82.7	48.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	94.7	94.7	57.5	40.6	40.6

June 2023

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25
All Fixed Wireless	73.9	73.2	10.7	8.4	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
All Wired	24.3	22.9	21.1	17.3	17.1
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	30.7	29.3	26.8	24.1	17.1
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	17.1
Any Terrestrial	76.6	75.9	27.7	24.1	17.1
Cable	17.1	17.1	17.1	17.1	17.1
Cable/Fiber	17.1	17.1	17.1	17.1	17.1
Copper	10.2	8.9	6.1	0.5	0.0
Fiber	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	13.4	12.1	9.6	8.4	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	69.8	69.8	1.1	0.0	0.0

Dec. 2023

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25
All Fixed Wireless	95.8	95.8	55.4	53.5	46.5
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
All Wired	28.1	26.0	23.5	19.5	19.3
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	35.2	33.8	32.5	28.9	19.3
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	60.6
Any Terrestrial	97.3	97.3	68.1	65.2	60.6
Cable	19.3	19.3	19.3	19.3	19.3
Cable/Fiber	19.3	19.3	19.3	19.3	19.3
Copper	11.3	9.2	5.9	0.4	0.0
Fiber	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	14.7	14.5	14.5	12.8	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	95.8	95.8	47.0	46.5	46.5

June 2024

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25
All Fixed Wireless	97.5	97.5	76.2	74.5	46.3
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
All Wired	25.1	22.9	20.2	16.4	16.2
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	67.6	67.0	67.0	65.3	16.2
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	60.2
Any Terrestrial	98.1	98.1	82.1	81.3	60.2
Cable	16.2	16.2	16.2	16.2	16.2
Cable/Fiber	16.2	16.2	16.2	16.2	16.2
Copper	11.8	9.7	5.7	0.4	0.0
Fiber	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	59.8	59.0	59.0	56.8	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	95.8	95.8	46.7	46.3	46.3

Dec. 2024

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25
All Fixed Wireless	95.8	95.3	72.5	70.8	32.2
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
All Wired	33.9	32.4	30.1	26.3	26.1
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	73.7	73.7	73.7	72.9	26.1
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	56.1
Any Terrestrial	97.5	97.5	85.8	85.0	56.1
Cable	26.1	26.1	26.1	26.1	26.1
Cable/Fiber	26.1	26.1	26.1	26.1	26.1
Copper	11.9	9.8	5.7	0.4	0.0
Fiber	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	59.3	58.3	58.3	57.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	85.2	85.2	32.6	32.2	32.2

June 2025

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25
All Fixed Wireless	87.8	87.0	66.0	37.0	31.9
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
All Wired	25.6	23.5	20.6	16.8	16.6
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	34.2	28.1	26.9	21.6	16.6
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Any Terrestrial	89.5	89.1	76.5	50.6	47.7
Cable	16.6	16.6	16.6	16.6	16.6
Cable/Fiber	16.6	16.6	16.6	16.6	16.6
Copper	12.4	10.3	6.1	0.4	0.0
Fiber	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	17.4	9.2	9.0	7.1	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	85.3	85.3	63.0	31.9	31.9

FCC Broadband Data Collection (BDC), June 2025 filing vintage. Coverage values show the share of residential broadband serviceable locations by technology and speed tier across D22, J23, D23, J24, D24, and J25 filings.

Source: FCC Broadband Data Collection (BDC), June 2025 Filing (J25). Fixed coverage shows the share of residential broadband serviceable locations, and mobile coverage shows the share of tribal land area.