California / AIANNHCE 3550 / Federally-recognized area
Santa Ysabel
The full tribal profile includes the report map, demographic tables, broadband tables, FCC provider sections, and interactive charts.
1.1%25/3 availability
0.0%100/20 availability
0.0%1000/100 availability
5Fixed providers
Figure 1. Location of Santa Ysabel within California, with boundary detail (inset).
About the Tribal Area
Spans about 23 square miles in California, Santa Ysabel Reservation serves as the core reservation for this federally recognized tribe. FCC BDC records show 5 fixed providers and 4 mobile providers across roughly 108 service locations, with current availability of 1.1% at 25/3 Mbps, and 0.0% at 100/20.
Tribal Area Description
Located in California, Santa Ysabel is a federally recognized tribe with tribal lands. The land base is relevant for broadband planning due to rural service coverage and middle-mile access constraints.
The Iipay Nation of Santa Ysabel stands to ensure the overall wellness of the Iipay People and Land while protecting our Tribal Sovereignty by honoring our culture and traditions of the past. Our missions is to heal the present to create a thriving future for all generations. To ensure the overall wellness of our People and Land while protecting our Tribal Sovereignty by honoring our culture and traditions of the past, healing the present to create a thriving future for all generations.
Table 1. Demographics
Indicator
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
Population
223
296
211
176
147
89
Households
102
129
84
59
44
22
Median age
45.3
45.8
44.6
43.5
32.8
42.8
Male / Female
52.0% / 48.0%
52.4% / 47.6%
53.1% / 46.9%
52.3% / 47.7%
52.4% / 47.6%
47.2% / 52.8%
Avg. household size
2.19
2.29
2.51
2.98
3.34
4.05
Pop. density (per sq mi)
9.5
12.6
9.0
7.5
6.3
3.8
HH density (per sq mi)
4.3
5.5
3.6
2.5
1.9
0.9
Table 2. Economic & Education
Indicator
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
Median household income
$31,250
$35,625
$45,000
$66,563
—
—
Per capita income
$21,252
$21,976
$26,407
$28,765
$26,448
$30,671
Poverty rate
21.1%
12.8%
9.0%
13.6%
23.8%
25.8%
Unemployment rate
15.5%
15.7%
14.3%
10.8%
16.1%
0.0%
HS diploma or higher
48.5%
50.2%
51.2%
54.5%
64.7%
66.7%
Bachelor's degree or higher
13.5%
10.8%
13.0%
15.2%
15.7%
15.0%
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-Year Estimates. Queried by AIANNHCE code. Population and household density are calculated from Census population or households divided by land area in square miles.
Table 3. Download/Upload Speeds (Mbps)
Period
Download
Upload
2019Q1
0.0 Mbps
0.0 Mbps
2019Q2
2.4 Mbps
3.4 Mbps
2019Q3
18.9 Mbps
5.3 Mbps
2019Q4
3.7 Mbps
5.0 Mbps
2020Q1
51.2 Mbps
5.4 Mbps
2020Q2
0.0 Mbps
0.0 Mbps
2020Q3
12.7 Mbps
2.9 Mbps
2020Q4
0.0 Mbps
0.0 Mbps
2021Q1
0.0 Mbps
0.0 Mbps
2021Q2
0.0 Mbps
0.0 Mbps
2021Q3
103.0 Mbps
27.2 Mbps
2021Q4
7.6 Mbps
9.4 Mbps
2022Q1
0.0 Mbps
0.0 Mbps
2022Q2
70.9 Mbps
9.4 Mbps
2022Q3
88.3 Mbps
10.8 Mbps
2022Q4
38.0 Mbps
7.5 Mbps
2023Q1
110.1 Mbps
68.8 Mbps
2023Q2
116.9 Mbps
26.0 Mbps
2023Q3
0.0 Mbps
0.0 Mbps
2023Q4
110.0 Mbps
12.0 Mbps
2024Q1
28.1 Mbps
15.2 Mbps
2024Q2
0.0 Mbps
0.0 Mbps
2024Q3
170.2 Mbps
22.4 Mbps
Table 4. Coverage by Tier (%)
Year
25/3
100/20
1 Gbps
2015
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
2016
4.8%
0.0%
0.0%
2017
100.0%
100.0%
0.0%
2018
100.0%
100.0%
0.0%
2019
100.0%
100.0%
0.0%
2020
100.0%
100.0%
0.0%
2021
95.4%
95.4%
0.0%
2022
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
2023
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
2024
1.1%
0.0%
0.0%
Table 5. Adoption (%)
Year
All households
Low-income households
2017
14.0%
44.7%
2018
20.0%
48.6%
2019
37.3%
47.6%
2020
41.9%
45.7%
2021
51.2%
43.5%
2022
66.1%
33.3%
2023
65.9%
40.0%
2024
72.7%
60.0%
Table 6. Current Status (2024, %)
Tier
Coverage
25/3 Mbps
1.1%
100/20 Mbps
0.0%
1 Gbps
0.0%
Table 7. Comparison with National Averages (%)
Metric
Tribal
National
25/3 Mbps
1.1%
92%
100/20 Mbps
0.0%
85%
Adoption
72.7%
78%
Sources: FCC Broadband Data Collection, Ookla Open Data Initiative, and U.S. Census Bureau ACS 5-Year Estimates. National benchmarks are carried over from the report comparison section.
Figure 2. Speed Trends (2019–2024)
Figure 3. Availability (2015–2025)
Figure 4. Adoption (2017–2024)
Figure 5. Current Status (2024)
Figure 6. Comparison with National Averages
Figure 7. Fixed Coverage by Technology (25/3 Mbps)
Figure 8. Mobile Area Coverage
Notes: speed trends reflect quarterly mean throughput. Availability shows the share of population with access. Tooltips on the charts expose the underlying values for each series.
Table 8. Broadband Provider Summary
Metric
Value
Fixed broadband providers
5
Mobile broadband providers
4
Broadband serviceable locations
108
Table 9. Broadband Providers
Fixed
Mobile
T-Mobile USA, Inc.
AT&T Inc.
EchoStar Corporation
T-Mobile USA, Inc.
Viasat, Inc.
Verizon Communications Inc.
Valley Center Wireless
Dish Network Corporation
Space Exploration Technologies Corp.
—
Table 10. Fixed Coverage by Technology (% of locations)
Technology
25/3
100/20
250/25
1 Gbps
Any Technology
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
0.0%
Fiber
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
Cable
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
Fixed Wireless
0.9%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
Copper (DSL)
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
Satellite
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
0.0%
Table 11. Mobile Coverage (% of area)
Technology
Coverage
4G LTE
88.6%
5G-NR (Speed Tier 1)
73.1%
5G-NR (Speed Tier 2)
58.8%
Total area (sq mi)
52.877
Table 8. Coverage by Tier and Technology (% of locations)
Dec. 2022
Technology
2/2
10/1
25/3
100/20
250/25
1000/100
All Fixed Wireless
3.3
3.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
All Satellite
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
All Wired
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Any Technology
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Any Terrestrial
3.3
3.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Cable
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Cable/Fiber
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Copper
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Fiber
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
GSO Satellite
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
NGSO Satellite
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Other
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless
3.3
3.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
June 2023
Technology
2/2
10/1
25/3
100/20
250/25
1000/100
All Fixed Wireless
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
All Satellite
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
0.0
All Wired
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Any Technology
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
0.0
Any Terrestrial
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Cable
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Cable/Fiber
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Copper
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Fiber
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
GSO Satellite
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
NGSO Satellite
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
0.0
Other
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Dec. 2023
Technology
2/2
10/1
25/3
100/20
250/25
1000/100
All Fixed Wireless
0.9
0.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
All Satellite
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
0.0
All Wired
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Any Technology
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
0.0
Any Terrestrial
0.9
0.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Cable
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Cable/Fiber
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Copper
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Fiber
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
GSO Satellite
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
NGSO Satellite
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
0.0
Other
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless
0.9
0.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
June 2024
Technology
2/2
10/1
25/3
100/20
250/25
1000/100
All Fixed Wireless
0.9
0.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
All Satellite
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
0.0
All Wired
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Any Technology
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
0.0
Any Terrestrial
0.9
0.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Cable
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Cable/Fiber
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Copper
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Fiber
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
GSO Satellite
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
NGSO Satellite
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
0.0
Other
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless
0.9
0.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Dec. 2024
Technology
2/2
10/1
25/3
100/20
250/25
1000/100
All Fixed Wireless
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
All Satellite
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
0.0
All Wired
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
Any Technology
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
0.0
Any Terrestrial
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
Cable
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Cable/Fiber
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Copper
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Fiber
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
GSO Satellite
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
NGSO Satellite
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
0.0
Other
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless
0.9
0.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
June 2025
Technology
2/2
10/1
25/3
100/20
250/25
1000/100
All Fixed Wireless
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
All Satellite
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
All Wired
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
Any Technology
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
Any Terrestrial
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
Cable
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Cable/Fiber
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Copper
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Fiber
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
GSO Satellite
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
NGSO Satellite
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
Other
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless
0.9
0.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
FCC Broadband Data Collection (BDC), June 2025 filing vintage. Coverage values show the share of residential broadband serviceable locations by technology and speed tier across D22, J23, D23, J24, D24, and J25 filings.
Source: FCC Broadband Data Collection (BDC), June 2025 Filing (J25). Fixed coverage shows the share of residential broadband serviceable locations, and mobile coverage shows the share of tribal land area.