California / AIANNHCE 4330 / Federally-recognized area
Tuolumne
The full tribal profile includes the report map, demographic tables, broadband tables, FCC provider sections, and interactive charts.
39.8%25/3 availability
39.8%100/20 availability
0.0%1000/100 availability
9Fixed providers
Figure 1. Location of Tuolumne within California, with boundary detail (inset).
About the Tribal Area
Federally recognized tribe in California, centered on Tuolumne Rancheria, spans about 0.6 square miles. FCC BDC records show 9 fixed providers and 3 mobile providers across roughly 104 service locations, with current availability of 39.8% at 25/3 Mbps, and 39.8% at 100/20.
Tribal Area Description
In California, Tuolumne has tribal lands managed by a federally recognized tribe. The land base is relevant for broadband planning due to rural service coverage and middle-mile access constraints.
The Tuolumne Band of Me-Wuk Indians is a sovereign nation that is dedicated to uphold social and economic stability through self-reliance and to promote the health, safety and welfare of our Indian people. The Tuolumne Band of Me-Wuk Indians (Tribe) is a tribe that has a constitution written during the Indian Reorganization Act (IRA) period of Indian Policy.
Table 1. Demographics
Indicator
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
Population
183
294
297
364
328
252
Households
66
92
92
110
100
82
Median age
36.2
36.5
30.3
29.0
30.2
33.7
Male / Female
56.3% / 43.7%
41.2% / 58.8%
42.8% / 57.2%
41.5% / 58.5%
40.9% / 59.1%
37.3% / 62.7%
Avg. household size
2.77
3.20
3.23
3.31
3.28
3.07
Pop. density (per sq mi)
303.4
487.4
492.4
603.5
543.8
417.8
HH density (per sq mi)
109.4
152.5
152.5
182.4
165.8
135.9
Table 2. Economic & Education
Indicator
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
Median household income
$80,000
$76,875
$75,588
$83,375
$86,316
$88,269
Per capita income
$31,497
$27,307
$24,336
$25,624
$27,692
$28,158
Poverty rate
14.2%
10.5%
14.8%
13.3%
7.1%
8.4%
Unemployment rate
6.4%
3.1%
4.2%
7.9%
4.4%
4.3%
HS diploma or higher
44.7%
40.2%
46.1%
51.0%
47.1%
44.2%
Bachelor's degree or higher
5.3%
3.9%
4.2%
1.0%
1.6%
5.8%
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-Year Estimates. Queried by AIANNHCE code. Population and household density are calculated from Census population or households divided by land area in square miles.
Table 3. Download/Upload Speeds (Mbps)
Period
Download
Upload
2019Q1
8.4 Mbps
4.2 Mbps
2019Q2
4.9 Mbps
3.0 Mbps
2019Q3
10.7 Mbps
2.0 Mbps
2019Q4
13.7 Mbps
1.5 Mbps
2020Q1
36.8 Mbps
2.7 Mbps
2020Q2
10.0 Mbps
1.3 Mbps
2020Q3
59.6 Mbps
3.4 Mbps
2020Q4
126.6 Mbps
98.0 Mbps
2021Q1
198.7 Mbps
179.2 Mbps
2021Q2
155.3 Mbps
124.4 Mbps
2021Q3
149.6 Mbps
117.3 Mbps
2021Q4
180.4 Mbps
142.1 Mbps
2022Q1
192.9 Mbps
149.2 Mbps
2022Q2
155.3 Mbps
152.6 Mbps
2022Q3
124.7 Mbps
99.6 Mbps
2022Q4
176.2 Mbps
165.1 Mbps
2023Q1
170.4 Mbps
147.6 Mbps
2023Q2
35.4 Mbps
2.2 Mbps
2023Q3
161.1 Mbps
156.3 Mbps
2023Q4
18.9 Mbps
1.6 Mbps
2024Q1
86.0 Mbps
4.8 Mbps
2024Q2
59.9 Mbps
9.6 Mbps
2024Q3
81.1 Mbps
7.2 Mbps
Table 4. Coverage by Tier (%)
Year
25/3
100/20
1 Gbps
2015
38.2%
38.2%
0.0%
2016
86.8%
0.0%
0.0%
2017
100.0%
100.0%
0.0%
2018
100.0%
86.8%
0.0%
2019
100.0%
100.0%
0.0%
2020
100.0%
100.0%
86.8%
2021
100.0%
100.0%
0.0%
2022
24.1%
5.7%
0.0%
2023
11.6%
11.6%
0.0%
2024
39.8%
39.8%
0.0%
Table 5. Adoption (%)
Year
All households
Low-income households
2017
37.7%
50.0%
2018
35.6%
50.0%
2019
30.3%
0.0%
2020
15.2%
0.0%
2021
12.0%
36.4%
2022
19.1%
64.3%
2023
18.0%
58.3%
2024
15.9%
60.0%
Table 6. Current Status (2024, %)
Tier
Coverage
25/3 Mbps
39.8%
100/20 Mbps
39.8%
1 Gbps
0.0%
Table 7. Comparison with National Averages (%)
Metric
Tribal
National
25/3 Mbps
39.8%
92%
100/20 Mbps
39.8%
85%
Adoption
15.9%
78%
Sources: FCC Broadband Data Collection, Ookla Open Data Initiative, and U.S. Census Bureau ACS 5-Year Estimates. National benchmarks are carried over from the report comparison section.
Figure 2. Speed Trends (2019–2024)
Figure 3. Availability (2015–2025)
Figure 4. Adoption (2017–2024)
Figure 5. Current Status (2024)
Figure 6. Comparison with National Averages
Figure 7. Fixed Coverage by Technology (25/3 Mbps)
Figure 8. Mobile Area Coverage
Notes: speed trends reflect quarterly mean throughput. Availability shows the share of population with access. Tooltips on the charts expose the underlying values for each series.
Table 8. Broadband Provider Summary
Metric
Value
Fixed broadband providers
9
Mobile broadband providers
3
Broadband serviceable locations
104
Table 9. Broadband Providers
Fixed
Mobile
Frontier Communications Corporation
AT&T Inc.
Comcast Corporation
T-Mobile USA, Inc.
T-Mobile USA, Inc.
Verizon Communications Inc.
EchoStar Corporation
—
Verizon Communications Inc.
—
Cal.net, Inc.
—
Viasat, Inc.
—
Conifer Communications, Inc.
—
Space Exploration Technologies Corp.
—
Table 10. Fixed Coverage by Technology (% of locations)
Technology
25/3
100/20
250/25
1 Gbps
Any Technology
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
3.8%
Fiber
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
Cable
5.8%
5.8%
5.8%
3.8%
Fixed Wireless
49.0%
42.3%
0.0%
0.0%
Copper (DSL)
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
Satellite
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
0.0%
Table 11. Mobile Coverage (% of area)
Technology
Coverage
4G LTE
100.0%
5G-NR (Speed Tier 1)
100.0%
5G-NR (Speed Tier 2)
93.3%
Total area (sq mi)
1.58
Table 8. Coverage by Tier and Technology (% of locations)
Dec. 2022
Technology
2/2
10/1
25/3
100/20
250/25
1000/100
All Fixed Wireless
86.0
69.0
28.1
4.1
0.0
0.0
All Satellite
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
All Wired
5.8
5.3
1.2
1.2
1.2
0.0
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless
87.1
71.3
23.4
5.3
1.2
0.0
Any Technology
100.0
100.0
100.0
5.3
1.2
0.0
Any Terrestrial
87.1
71.3
28.1
5.3
1.2
0.0
Cable
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
0.0
Cable/Fiber
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
0.0
Copper
4.7
4.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Fiber
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
GSO Satellite
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless
86.0
69.0
23.4
4.1
0.0
0.0
NGSO Satellite
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Other
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless
12.3
12.3
12.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
June 2023
Technology
2/2
10/1
25/3
100/20
250/25
1000/100
All Fixed Wireless
70.3
68.0
27.3
3.5
0.0
0.0
All Satellite
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
0.0
All Wired
9.3
9.3
5.2
5.2
5.2
0.0
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless
72.1
72.1
24.4
8.7
5.2
0.0
Any Technology
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
5.2
0.0
Any Terrestrial
72.1
72.1
29.1
8.7
5.2
0.0
Cable
5.2
5.2
5.2
5.2
5.2
0.0
Cable/Fiber
5.2
5.2
5.2
5.2
5.2
0.0
Copper
4.1
4.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Fiber
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
GSO Satellite
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless
70.3
68.0
22.7
3.5
0.0
0.0
NGSO Satellite
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
0.0
Other
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless
11.6
11.6
11.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
Dec. 2023
Technology
2/2
10/1
25/3
100/20
250/25
1000/100
All Fixed Wireless
28.4
25.7
25.7
25.7
0.0
0.0
All Satellite
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
0.0
All Wired
8.7
8.7
4.4
4.4
4.4
0.0
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless
16.4
16.4
12.0
12.0
4.4
0.0
Any Technology
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
4.4
0.0
Any Terrestrial
32.2
32.2
29.0
29.0
4.4
0.0
Cable
4.4
4.4
4.4
4.4
4.4
0.0
Cable/Fiber
4.4
4.4
4.4
4.4
4.4
0.0
Copper
4.4
4.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Fiber
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
GSO Satellite
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless
12.6
8.7
8.7
8.7
0.0
0.0
NGSO Satellite
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
0.0
Other
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless
24.6
24.6
24.6
16.9
0.0
0.0
June 2024
Technology
2/2
10/1
25/3
100/20
250/25
1000/100
All Fixed Wireless
28.4
28.4
28.4
28.4
0.0
0.0
All Satellite
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
0.0
All Wired
11.8
11.8
5.9
5.9
5.9
0.0
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless
22.6
22.6
16.7
16.7
5.9
0.0
Any Technology
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
5.9
0.0
Any Terrestrial
36.3
36.3
31.4
31.4
5.9
0.0
Cable
5.9
5.9
5.9
5.9
5.9
0.0
Cable/Fiber
5.9
5.9
5.9
5.9
5.9
0.0
Copper
5.9
5.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Fiber
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
GSO Satellite
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless
13.7
13.7
13.7
13.7
0.0
0.0
NGSO Satellite
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
0.0
Other
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless
15.7
15.7
15.7
14.7
0.0
0.0
Dec. 2024
Technology
2/2
10/1
25/3
100/20
250/25
1000/100
All Fixed Wireless
44.1
44.1
44.1
37.3
0.0
0.0
All Satellite
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
0.0
All Wired
8.8
8.8
5.9
5.9
5.9
0.0
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless
41.2
41.2
40.2
40.2
5.9
0.0
Any Technology
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
5.9
0.0
Any Terrestrial
48.0
48.0
47.1
40.2
5.9
0.0
Cable
5.9
5.9
5.9
5.9
5.9
0.0
Cable/Fiber
5.9
5.9
5.9
5.9
5.9
0.0
Copper
2.9
2.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Fiber
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
GSO Satellite
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless
37.3
37.3
37.3
37.3
0.0
0.0
NGSO Satellite
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
0.0
Other
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless
15.7
15.7
15.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
June 2025
Technology
2/2
10/1
25/3
100/20
250/25
1000/100
All Fixed Wireless
49.0
49.0
49.0
42.3
0.0
0.0
All Satellite
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
All Wired
7.7
7.7
5.8
5.8
5.8
3.9
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless
45.2
45.2
45.2
45.2
5.8
3.9
Any Technology
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
3.9
Any Terrestrial
51.9
51.9
51.9
45.2
5.8
3.9
Cable
5.8
5.8
5.8
5.8
5.8
3.9
Cable/Fiber
5.8
5.8
5.8
5.8
5.8
3.9
Copper
1.9
1.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Fiber
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
GSO Satellite
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless
42.3
42.3
42.3
42.3
0.0
0.0
NGSO Satellite
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
Other
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless
15.4
15.4
15.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
FCC Broadband Data Collection (BDC), June 2025 filing vintage. Coverage values show the share of residential broadband serviceable locations by technology and speed tier across D22, J23, D23, J24, D24, and J25 filings.
Source: FCC Broadband Data Collection (BDC), June 2025 Filing (J25). Fixed coverage shows the share of residential broadband serviceable locations, and mobile coverage shows the share of tribal land area.