California / AIANNHCE 4430 / Federally-recognized area

Upper Lake

The full tribal profile includes the report map, demographic tables, broadband tables, FCC provider sections, and interactive charts.

100.0%25/3 availability

100.0%100/20 availability

0.0%1000/100 availability

9Fixed providers

Figure 1. Location of Upper Lake within California, with boundary detail (inset).

About the Tribal Area

Upper Lake Rancheria in California is the primary broadband planning geography for this federally recognized tribe, and it spans about 0.7 square miles. FCC BDC records show 9 fixed providers and 4 mobile providers across roughly 38 service locations, and current service levels of 100.0% at 25/3 Mbps, and 100.0% at 100/20.

Tribal Area Description

Tribal lands in California are associated with Upper Lake, a federally recognized tribe. The land base is relevant for broadband planning due to rural service coverage and middle-mile access constraints.

Website Summary: www.hpultribe-nsn.gov

The HPUL page for Upper Lake functions as a community information page rather than a long-form tribal history. It emphasizes local contacts, community resources, and links to regional programs and services. The available content is oriented toward practical resources rather than a dedicated narrative profile for the tribe.

Table 1. Demographics

Indicator	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Population	95	109	122	114	116	74
Households	29	30	32	33	35	25
Median age	34.2	28.5	32.2	32.5	32.5	42.5
Male / Female	50.5% / 49.5%	54.1% / 45.9%	50.0% / 50.0%	53.5% / 46.5%	51.7% / 48.3%	47.3% / 52.7%
Avg. household size	3.00	3.23	3.41	3.30	3.20	2.96
Pop. density (per sq mi)	128.2	147.1	164.7	153.9	156.6	99.9
HH density (per sq mi)	39.1	40.5	43.2	44.5	47.2	33.7

Table 2. Economic & Education

Indicator	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Median household income	$96,875	$96,250	$107,500	$113,750	$114,688	—
Per capita income	$26,072	$26,138	$24,056	$24,311	$26,588	$25,847
Poverty rate	11.5%	12.4%	14.7%	18.3%	17.9%	27.0%
Unemployment rate	4.9%	13.6%	6.3%	8.9%	10.6%	16.1%
HS diploma or higher	72.7%	73.2%	73.5%	75.4%	70.6%	82.0%
Bachelor's degree or higher	20.0%	21.4%	14.7%	13.8%	13.2%	12.0%

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-Year Estimates. Queried by AIANNHCE code. Population and household density are calculated from Census population or households divided by land area in square miles.

Table 3. Download/Upload Speeds (Mbps)

Period	Download	Upload
2019Q1	1.0 Mbps	0.6 Mbps
2019Q2	0.0 Mbps	0.0 Mbps
2019Q3	0.0 Mbps	0.0 Mbps
2019Q4	0.0 Mbps	0.0 Mbps
2020Q1	0.0 Mbps	0.0 Mbps
2020Q2	2.5 Mbps	0.4 Mbps
2020Q3	0.0 Mbps	0.0 Mbps
2020Q4	4.8 Mbps	1.0 Mbps
2021Q1	6.5 Mbps	0.9 Mbps
2021Q2	3.9 Mbps	1.2 Mbps
2021Q3	2.8 Mbps	0.4 Mbps
2021Q4	0.5 Mbps	0.3 Mbps
2022Q1	146.4 Mbps	5.4 Mbps
2022Q2	97.1 Mbps	9.8 Mbps
2022Q3	49.9 Mbps	5.8 Mbps
2022Q4	204.6 Mbps	10.4 Mbps
2023Q1	40.4 Mbps	5.9 Mbps
2023Q2	0.0 Mbps	0.0 Mbps
2023Q3	0.0 Mbps	0.0 Mbps
2023Q4	0.0 Mbps	0.0 Mbps
2024Q1	151.0 Mbps	17.7 Mbps
2024Q2	0.0 Mbps	0.0 Mbps
2024Q3	76.7 Mbps	13.0 Mbps

Table 4. Coverage by Tier (%)

Year	25/3	100/20	1 Gbps
2015	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
2016	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
2017	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
2018	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
2019	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
2020	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
2021	100.0%	0.0%	0.0%
2022	20.5%	0.0%	0.0%
2023	89.5%	89.5%	0.0%
2024	100.0%	100.0%	0.0%

Table 5. Adoption (%)

Year	All households	Low-income households
2017	20.6%	0.0%
2018	39.3%	0.0%
2019	51.7%	0.0%
2020	50.0%	60.0%
2021	53.1%	80.0%
2022	60.6%	57.1%
2023	51.4%	62.5%
2024	32.0%	75.0%

Table 6. Current Status (2024, %)

Tier	Coverage
25/3 Mbps	100.0%
100/20 Mbps	100.0%
1 Gbps	0.0%

Table 7. Comparison with National Averages (%)

Metric	Tribal	National
25/3 Mbps	100.0%	92%
100/20 Mbps	100.0%	85%
Adoption	32.0%	78%

Sources: FCC Broadband Data Collection, Ookla Open Data Initiative, and U.S. Census Bureau ACS 5-Year Estimates. National benchmarks are carried over from the report comparison section.

Figure 2. Speed Trends (2019–2024)

Figure 3. Availability (2015–2025)

Figure 4. Adoption (2017–2024)

Figure 5. Current Status (2024)

Figure 6. Comparison with National Averages

Figure 7. Fixed Coverage by Technology (25/3 Mbps)

Figure 8. Mobile Area Coverage

Notes: speed trends reflect quarterly mean throughput. Availability shows the share of population with access. Tooltips on the charts expose the underlying values for each series.

Table 8. Broadband Provider Summary

Metric	Value
Fixed broadband providers	9
Mobile broadband providers	4
Broadband serviceable locations	38

Table 9. Broadband Providers

Fixed	Mobile
AT&T Inc.	AT&T Inc.
T-Mobile USA, Inc.	T-Mobile USA, Inc.
EchoStar Corporation	Telephone and Data Systems, Inc.
Telephone and Data Systems, Inc.	Verizon Communications Inc.
Verizon Communications Inc.	—
DigitalPath, Inc.	—
Viasat, Inc.	—
Lake County Broadband Solutions, LLC	—
Space Exploration Technologies Corp.	—

Table 10. Fixed Coverage by Technology (% of locations)

Technology	25/3	100/20	250/25	1 Gbps
Any Technology	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	0.0%
Fiber	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
Cable	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
Fixed Wireless	94.7%	94.7%	0.0%	0.0%
Copper (DSL)	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
Satellite	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	0.0%

Table 11. Mobile Coverage (% of area)

Technology	Coverage
4G LTE	100.0%
5G-NR (Speed Tier 1)	87.5%
5G-NR (Speed Tier 2)	62.5%
Total area (sq mi)	1.685

Table 8. Coverage by Tier and Technology (% of locations)

Dec. 2022

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3
All Fixed Wireless	71.4	64.3	47.6
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0
All Wired	73.8	7.1	0.0
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	92.9	38.1	21.4
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0
Any Terrestrial	95.2	66.7	47.6
Cable	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cable/Fiber	0.0	0.0	0.0
Copper	73.8	7.1	0.0
Fiber	0.0	0.0	0.0
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	45.2	35.7	21.4
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	47.6	45.2	38.1

June 2023

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20
All Fixed Wireless	100.0	97.6	76.2	45.2
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
All Wired	73.8	7.1	0.0	0.0
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	97.6	90.5	64.3	45.2
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Any Terrestrial	100.0	97.6	76.2	45.2
Cable	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cable/Fiber	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Copper	73.8	7.1	0.0	0.0
Fiber	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	92.9	90.5	64.3	45.2
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	47.6	47.6	38.1	0.0

Dec. 2023

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20
All Fixed Wireless	97.4	97.4	94.9	89.7
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
All Wired	74.4	5.1	0.0	0.0
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	97.4	89.7	89.7	89.7
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Any Terrestrial	100.0	97.4	94.9	89.7
Cable	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cable/Fiber	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Copper	74.4	5.1	0.0	0.0
Fiber	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	89.7	89.7	89.7	89.7
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	46.1	46.1	35.9	0.0

June 2024

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20
All Fixed Wireless	94.9	94.9	92.3	89.7
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
All Wired	74.4	5.1	0.0	0.0
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	97.4	89.7	89.7	89.7
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Any Terrestrial	97.4	94.9	92.3	89.7
Cable	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cable/Fiber	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Copper	74.4	5.1	0.0	0.0
Fiber	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	89.7	89.7	89.7	89.7
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	38.5	38.5	25.6	2.6

Dec. 2024

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20
All Fixed Wireless	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
All Wired	74.4	5.1	0.0	0.0
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Any Terrestrial	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Cable	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cable/Fiber	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Copper	74.4	5.1	0.0	0.0
Fiber	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	38.5	38.5	25.6	2.6

June 2025

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25
All Fixed Wireless	94.7	94.7	94.7	94.7	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
All Wired	81.6	5.3	0.0	0.0	0.0
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	100.0	94.7	94.7	94.7	0.0
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Any Terrestrial	100.0	94.7	94.7	94.7	0.0
Cable	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cable/Fiber	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Copper	81.6	5.3	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	94.7	94.7	94.7	94.7	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	5.3	5.3	5.3	5.3	0.0

FCC Broadband Data Collection (BDC), June 2025 filing vintage. Coverage values show the share of residential broadband serviceable locations by technology and speed tier across D22, J23, D23, J24, D24, and J25 filings.

Source: FCC Broadband Data Collection (BDC), June 2025 Filing (J25). Fixed coverage shows the share of residential broadband serviceable locations, and mobile coverage shows the share of tribal land area.