Louisiana / AIANNHCE 4315 / Federally-recognized area

Tunica-Biloxi

The full tribal profile includes the report map, demographic tables, broadband tables, FCC provider sections, and interactive charts.

96.3%25/3 availability

45.0%100/20 availability

0.0%1000/100 availability

8Fixed providers

Figure 1. Location of Tunica-Biloxi within Louisiana, with boundary detail (inset).

About the Tribal Area

Tunica-Biloxi Reservation is a reservation in Louisiana associated with this federally recognized tribe, and it spans about 0.7 square miles. The latest FCC BDC filing shows 8 fixed providers and 3 mobile providers across roughly 11 service locations, with current availability of 96.3% at 25/3 Mbps, 45.0% at 100/20, and 44.1% at 1000/100.

Tribal Area Description

Tunica-Biloxi is a federally recognized tribe in Louisiana with reservation lands. The land base is relevant for broadband planning due to rural service coverage and middle-mile access constraints.

Website Summary: www.tunicabiloxi.org

A once declining tribal nation is being restored, as Tunica-Biloxi people return to their home land and reclaim their rightful place, both culturally and economically. He helped organize a pan-tribal organization similar to those in other regions of the United States and brought the Tunica-Biloxi question to the national stage. Pressure from the Tunica-Biloxi and their political constituency in Congress motivated the BIA to at least acknowledge the tribe’s existence and to investigate their claims. By authoring the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934, Collier brought the allotment program to an end, extended indefinitely the period of trusteeship over Indian land, established the basis for democratic tribal governments, and confirmed the rights of tribes to greater control over their destinies. Twentieth century documentation of the Tunica-Biloxi was finally updated by the government and provided the first step whereby federal recognition was eventually accomplished.

Table 1. Demographics

Indicator	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Population	153	235	433	323	278	182
Households	49	68	118	102	105	74
Median age	23.8	33.8	43.4	39.4	43.4	44.5
Male / Female	58.8% / 41.2%	63.4% / 36.6%	64.7% / 35.3%	52.9% / 47.1%	47.8% / 52.2%	50.0% / 50.0%
Avg. household size	3.12	3.46	3.67	3.17	2.65	2.46
Pop. density (per sq mi)	234.5	360.2	663.7	495.1	426.1	279.0
HH density (per sq mi)	75.1	104.2	180.9	156.3	160.9	113.4

Table 2. Economic & Education

Indicator	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Median household income	—	$47,500	—	$43,750	—	$42,500
Per capita income	$20,542	$21,817	$18,097	$25,850	$30,268	$28,961
Poverty rate	37.3%	39.6%	57.3%	38.7%	39.9%	41.8%
Unemployment rate	3.2%	0.0%	4.2%	2.7%	3.9%	4.7%
HS diploma or higher	69.7%	74.8%	74.4%	68.3%	75.9%	70.1%
Bachelor's degree or higher	25.0%	25.9%	46.8%	36.2%	41.0%	26.9%

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-Year Estimates. Queried by AIANNHCE code. Population and household density are calculated from Census population or households divided by land area in square miles.

Table 3. Download/Upload Speeds (Mbps)

Period	Download	Upload
2019Q1	16.6 Mbps	2.8 Mbps
2019Q2	19.7 Mbps	2.4 Mbps
2019Q3	16.2 Mbps	2.5 Mbps
2019Q4	29.1 Mbps	3.5 Mbps
2020Q1	36.3 Mbps	4.4 Mbps
2020Q2	25.4 Mbps	4.1 Mbps
2020Q3	28.0 Mbps	24.2 Mbps
2020Q4	18.8 Mbps	4.0 Mbps
2021Q1	28.5 Mbps	2.0 Mbps
2021Q2	18.5 Mbps	3.3 Mbps
2021Q3	24.7 Mbps	5.7 Mbps
2021Q4	27.5 Mbps	4.5 Mbps
2022Q1	29.1 Mbps	4.7 Mbps
2022Q2	21.2 Mbps	5.5 Mbps
2022Q3	42.5 Mbps	12.5 Mbps
2022Q4	50.9 Mbps	14.0 Mbps
2023Q1	35.9 Mbps	3.3 Mbps
2023Q2	35.6 Mbps	3.2 Mbps
2023Q3	36.4 Mbps	3.2 Mbps
2023Q4	35.3 Mbps	3.5 Mbps
2024Q1	28.6 Mbps	3.4 Mbps
2024Q2	23.0 Mbps	5.5 Mbps
2024Q3	156.1 Mbps	93.2 Mbps

Table 4. Coverage by Tier (%)

Year	25/3	100/20	1 Gbps
2015	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
2016	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
2017	100.0%	0.0%	0.0%
2018	100.0%	0.0%	0.0%
2019	100.0%	0.0%	0.0%
2020	100.0%	18.2%	0.0%
2021	40.1%	0.0%	0.0%
2022	79.0%	0.0%	0.0%
2023	79.1%	1.0%	0.0%
2024	96.3%	45.0%	0.0%

Table 5. Adoption (%)

Year	All households	Low-income households
2017	58.2%	90.0%
2018	48.0%	77.8%
2019	53.1%	78.6%
2020	48.5%	81.8%
2021	28.8%	96.9%
2022	52.0%	78.8%
2023	42.9%	78.6%
2024	45.9%	91.7%

Table 6. Current Status (2024, %)

Tier	Coverage
25/3 Mbps	96.3%
100/20 Mbps	45.0%
1 Gbps	0.0%

Table 7. Comparison with National Averages (%)

Metric	Tribal	National
25/3 Mbps	96.3%	92%
100/20 Mbps	45.0%	85%
Adoption	45.9%	78%

Sources: FCC Broadband Data Collection, Ookla Open Data Initiative, and U.S. Census Bureau ACS 5-Year Estimates. National benchmarks are carried over from the report comparison section.

Figure 2. Speed Trends (2019–2024)

Figure 3. Availability (2015–2025)

Figure 4. Adoption (2017–2024)

Figure 5. Current Status (2024)

Figure 6. Comparison with National Averages

Figure 7. Fixed Coverage by Technology (25/3 Mbps)

Figure 8. Mobile Area Coverage

Notes: speed trends reflect quarterly mean throughput. Availability shows the share of population with access. Tooltips on the charts expose the underlying values for each series.

Table 8. Broadband Provider Summary

Metric	Value
Fixed broadband providers	8
Mobile broadband providers	3
Broadband serviceable locations	11

Table 9. Broadband Providers

Fixed	Mobile
AT&T Inc.	AT&T Inc.
T-Mobile USA, Inc.	T-Mobile USA, Inc.
EchoStar Corporation	Verizon Communications Inc.
Verizon Communications Inc.	—
Viasat, Inc.	—
CableSouth Media III, LLC	—
Space Exploration Technologies Corp.	—
Altice USA	—

Table 10. Fixed Coverage by Technology (% of locations)

Technology	25/3	100/20	250/25	1 Gbps
Any Technology	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	63.6%
Fiber	63.6%	63.6%	63.6%	63.6%
Cable	81.8%	9.1%	0.0%	0.0%
Fixed Wireless	9.1%	9.1%	0.0%	0.0%
Copper (DSL)	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
Satellite	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	0.0%

Table 11. Mobile Coverage (% of area)

Technology	Coverage
4G LTE	100.0%
5G-NR (Speed Tier 1)	97.3%
5G-NR (Speed Tier 2)	83.8%
Total area (sq mi)	3.897

Table 8. Coverage by Tier and Technology (% of locations)

Dec. 2022

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3
All Fixed Wireless	96.8	1.3	1.3
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0
All Wired	98.7	98.7	98.7
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	99.3	98.7	98.7
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0
Any Terrestrial	99.3	98.7	98.7
Cable	98.7	98.7	98.7
Cable/Fiber	98.7	98.7	98.7
Copper	14.2	1.3	0.0
Fiber	0.0	0.0	0.0
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	96.8	1.3	1.3
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0

June 2023

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20
All Fixed Wireless	7.3	1.3	1.3	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
All Wired	98.7	98.7	98.7	0.0
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	98.7	98.7	98.7	0.0
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Any Terrestrial	98.7	98.7	98.7	0.0
Cable	98.7	98.7	98.7	0.0
Cable/Fiber	98.7	98.7	98.7	0.0
Copper	13.3	1.3	0.0	0.0
Fiber	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	7.3	1.3	1.3	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

Dec. 2023

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20
All Fixed Wireless	6.8	1.7	1.7	0.6
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
All Wired	98.9	98.9	98.9	0.0
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	98.9	98.9	98.9	0.6
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Any Terrestrial	98.9	98.9	98.9	0.6
Cable	98.9	98.9	98.9	0.0
Cable/Fiber	98.9	98.9	98.9	0.0
Copper	11.9	0.6	0.0	0.0
Fiber	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	6.8	1.7	1.7	0.6
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

June 2024

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20
All Fixed Wireless	8.7	1.6	1.6	0.5
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
All Wired	98.9	98.9	98.9	0.5
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	98.9	98.9	98.9	0.5
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Any Terrestrial	98.9	98.9	98.9	0.5
Cable	98.9	98.9	98.9	0.5
Cable/Fiber	98.9	98.9	98.9	0.5
Copper	11.3	0.5	0.0	0.0
Fiber	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	8.7	1.6	1.6	0.5
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

Dec. 2024

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	21.7	3.3	3.3	0.5	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
All Wired	100.0	100.0	100.0	28.3	27.7	27.7
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	100.0	100.0	100.0	28.3	27.7	27.7
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	27.7	27.7
Any Terrestrial	100.0	100.0	100.0	28.3	27.7	27.7
Cable	98.9	98.9	98.9	0.5	0.0	0.0
Cable/Fiber	100.0	100.0	100.0	28.3	27.7	27.7
Copper	11.4	0.5	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	27.7	27.7	27.7	27.7	27.7	27.7
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	21.7	3.3	3.3	0.5	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

June 2025

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	2.0	2.0	2.0	0.5	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
All Wired	98.5	98.5	98.5	24.8	24.2	24.2
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	98.5	98.5	98.5	24.8	24.2	24.2
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	24.2
Any Terrestrial	98.5	98.5	98.5	24.8	24.2	24.2
Cable	98.0	98.0	98.0	0.5	0.0	0.0
Cable/Fiber	98.5	98.5	98.5	24.8	24.2	24.2
Copper	10.6	0.5	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	24.2	24.2	24.2	24.2	24.2	24.2
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	2.0	2.0	2.0	0.5	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

FCC Broadband Data Collection (BDC), June 2025 filing vintage. Coverage values show the share of residential broadband serviceable locations by technology and speed tier across D22, J23, D23, J24, D24, and J25 filings.

Source: FCC Broadband Data Collection (BDC), June 2025 Filing (J25). Fixed coverage shows the share of residential broadband serviceable locations, and mobile coverage shows the share of tribal land area.