Maine / AIANNHCE 1530 / Federally-recognized area

Houlton Maliseet

The full tribal profile includes the report map, demographic tables, broadband tables, FCC provider sections, and interactive charts.

98.7%25/3 availability

89.9%100/20 availability

0.0%1000/100 availability

12Fixed providers

Figure 1. Location of Houlton Maliseet within Maine, with boundary detail (inset).

About the Tribal Area

Federally recognized tribe in Maine, centered on Houlton Maliseet Reservation, spans about 1.3 square miles. FCC BDC records show 12 fixed providers and 4 mobile providers across roughly 9 service locations, with current availability of 98.7% at 25/3 Mbps, 89.9% at 100/20, and 20.3% at 1000/100.

Tribal Area Description

In Maine, Houlton Maliseet has tribal lands managed by a federally recognized tribe. The land base is relevant for broadband planning due to rural service coverage and middle-mile access constraints.

Website Summary: maliseets.net

Tribal administration office in Littleton, M E, which houses the Vocational Rehabilitation, Natural Resources, Economic Development, Tribal Planning and Education departments, as well as the Boys and Girls Club. Health and wellness center in Houlton, ME, which provides a wide range of health care services to tribal members of all ages. The Houlton Band of Maliseet Indians has been recognized as a government since 1980. Points of interest within Maliseet Tribal Lands include the... The Houlton Band of Maliseet Indians provides full community support. Please enjoy our very first Annual Report to learn more about our Tribe! Contact us today to learn more about our tribal practices, traditions and history. Before contact with Europeans, Maliseet Indians occupied much of what is now considered the eastern border between the U.

Table 1. Demographics

Indicator	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Population	348	329	240	272	247	269
Households	135	131	94	97	87	95
Median age	26.5	28.8	31.6	28.2	29.9	28.4
Male / Female	46.3% / 53.7%	49.2% / 50.8%	47.5% / 52.5%	48.9% / 51.1%	47.0% / 53.0%	53.2% / 46.8%
Avg. household size	2.58	2.51	2.55	2.80	2.84	2.83
Pop. density (per sq mi)	271.4	256.5	187.1	212.1	192.6	209.8
HH density (per sq mi)	105.3	102.2	73.3	75.6	67.8	74.1

Table 2. Economic & Education

Indicator	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Median household income	$23,661	$26,406	$26,667	$29,583	$22,708	$33,229
Per capita income	$10,493	$11,664	$12,803	$12,563	$12,135	$14,110
Poverty rate	48.7%	40.1%	43.4%	42.6%	46.7%	44.3%
Unemployment rate	14.9%	15.7%	15.8%	12.4%	15.0%	11.7%
HS diploma or higher	44.4%	49.2%	48.6%	52.7%	61.6%	57.7%
Bachelor's degree or higher	8.5%	10.1%	8.7%	6.7%	8.7%	10.3%

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-Year Estimates. Queried by AIANNHCE code. Population and household density are calculated from Census population or households divided by land area in square miles.

Table 3. Download/Upload Speeds (Mbps)

Period	Download	Upload
2019Q1	60.4 Mbps	5.6 Mbps
2019Q2	53.9 Mbps	51.8 Mbps
2019Q3	56.5 Mbps	39.6 Mbps
2019Q4	45.0 Mbps	17.1 Mbps
2020Q1	63.0 Mbps	22.7 Mbps
2020Q2	42.0 Mbps	37.1 Mbps
2020Q3	136.0 Mbps	27.2 Mbps
2020Q4	64.8 Mbps	11.4 Mbps
2021Q1	110.0 Mbps	71.1 Mbps
2021Q2	65.6 Mbps	57.2 Mbps
2021Q3	104.4 Mbps	91.2 Mbps
2021Q4	111.4 Mbps	78.0 Mbps
2022Q1	46.6 Mbps	49.7 Mbps
2022Q2	136.1 Mbps	79.2 Mbps
2022Q3	93.4 Mbps	87.4 Mbps
2022Q4	73.8 Mbps	71.0 Mbps
2023Q1	105.0 Mbps	106.8 Mbps
2023Q2	72.7 Mbps	72.0 Mbps
2023Q3	46.0 Mbps	50.5 Mbps
2023Q4	324.9 Mbps	265.4 Mbps
2024Q1	350.0 Mbps	230.5 Mbps
2024Q2	266.3 Mbps	256.7 Mbps
2024Q3	509.6 Mbps	380.1 Mbps

Table 4. Coverage by Tier (%)

Year	25/3	100/20	1 Gbps
2015	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
2016	48.9%	0.0%	0.0%
2017	71.1%	4.4%	4.4%
2018	95.6%	93.3%	40.0%
2019	97.8%	73.3%	4.4%
2020	100.0%	95.6%	40.0%
2021	100.0%	97.8%	97.8%
2022	100.0%	91.1%	0.0%
2023	98.7%	87.3%	19.0%
2024	98.7%	89.9%	0.0%

Table 5. Adoption (%)

Year	All households	Low-income households
2017	62.1%	58.0%
2018	61.0%	73.6%
2019	75.6%	78.8%
2020	74.0%	78.0%
2021	79.8%	83.8%
2022	85.6%	94.9%
2023	87.4%	97.4%
2024	84.2%	87.9%

Table 6. Current Status (2024, %)

Tier	Coverage
25/3 Mbps	98.7%
100/20 Mbps	89.9%
1 Gbps	0.0%

Table 7. Comparison with National Averages (%)

Metric	Tribal	National
25/3 Mbps	98.7%	92%
100/20 Mbps	89.9%	85%
Adoption	84.2%	78%

Sources: FCC Broadband Data Collection, Ookla Open Data Initiative, and U.S. Census Bureau ACS 5-Year Estimates. National benchmarks are carried over from the report comparison section.

Figure 2. Speed Trends (2019–2024)

Figure 3. Availability (2015–2025)

Figure 4. Adoption (2017–2024)

Figure 5. Current Status (2024)

Figure 6. Comparison with National Averages

Figure 7. Fixed Coverage by Technology (25/3 Mbps)

Figure 8. Mobile Area Coverage

Notes: speed trends reflect quarterly mean throughput. Availability shows the share of population with access. Tooltips on the charts expose the underlying values for each series.

Table 8. Broadband Provider Summary

Metric	Value
Fixed broadband providers	12
Mobile broadband providers	4
Broadband serviceable locations	9

Table 9. Broadband Providers

Fixed	Mobile
AT&T Inc.	AT&T Inc.
Charter Communications	T-Mobile USA, Inc.
Consolidated Communications, Inc.	Telephone and Data Systems, Inc.
T-Mobile USA, Inc.	Verizon Communications Inc.
EchoStar Corporation	—
Telephone and Data Systems, Inc.	—
Verizon Communications Inc.	—
Viasat, Inc.	—
Pioneer Wireless, Inc.	—
Space Exploration Technologies Corp.	—
Wireless Partners Holdings, LLC	—
Aroostook Technologies Inc.	—

Table 10. Fixed Coverage by Technology (% of locations)

Technology	25/3	100/20	250/25	1 Gbps
Any Technology	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	44.4%
Fiber	44.4%	44.4%	44.4%	44.4%
Cable	11.1%	11.1%	11.1%	0.0%
Fixed Wireless	88.9%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
Copper (DSL)	33.3%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
Satellite	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	0.0%

Table 11. Mobile Coverage (% of area)

Technology	Coverage
4G LTE	92.3%
5G-NR (Speed Tier 1)	76.9%
5G-NR (Speed Tier 2)	38.5%
Total area (sq mi)	1.369

Table 8. Coverage by Tier and Technology (% of locations)

Dec. 2022

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25
All Fixed Wireless	86.8	86.8	86.8	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
All Wired	93.1	91.8	91.2	91.2	88.7
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	97.5	97.5	96.9	91.2	88.7
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	88.7
Any Terrestrial	98.1	98.1	97.5	91.2	88.7
Cable	88.7	88.7	88.7	88.7	88.7
Cable/Fiber	91.2	91.2	91.2	91.2	88.7
Copper	86.8	49.1	48.4	0.0	0.0
Fiber	27.7	27.7	27.7	27.7	0.0
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	86.2	86.2	86.2	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	1.3	1.3	1.3	0.0	0.0

June 2023

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	87.0	87.0	87.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
All Wired	96.3	95.1	94.4	94.4	94.4	26.5
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	98.2	98.2	97.5	94.4	94.4	26.5
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	94.4	26.5
Any Terrestrial	98.2	98.2	97.5	94.4	94.4	26.5
Cable	92.6	92.6	92.6	92.6	92.6	0.0
Cable/Fiber	94.4	94.4	94.4	94.4	94.4	26.5
Copper	85.2	47.5	46.9	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	26.5	26.5	26.5	26.5	26.5	26.5
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	87.0	87.0	87.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	1.2	1.2	1.2	0.0	0.0	0.0

Dec. 2023

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	87.5	87.5	86.9	0.0	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
All Wired	95.8	94.6	94.0	94.0	94.0	24.4
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	98.2	98.2	97.0	94.0	94.0	24.4
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	94.0	24.4
Any Terrestrial	98.2	98.2	97.0	94.0	94.0	24.4
Cable	92.3	92.3	92.3	92.3	92.3	0.0
Cable/Fiber	94.0	94.0	94.0	94.0	94.0	24.4
Copper	87.5	51.8	51.2	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	24.4	24.4	24.4	24.4	24.4	24.4
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	87.5	87.5	86.9	0.0	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	1.2	1.2	1.2	0.0	0.0	0.0

June 2024

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	88.2	88.2	87.6	0.0	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
All Wired	95.9	95.9	94.1	94.1	94.1	24.3
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	98.2	98.2	97.0	94.1	94.1	24.3
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	94.1	24.3
Any Terrestrial	98.2	98.2	97.0	94.1	94.1	24.3
Cable	92.3	92.3	92.3	92.3	92.3	0.0
Cable/Fiber	94.1	94.1	94.1	94.1	94.1	24.3
Copper	88.2	88.2	52.1	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	24.3	24.3	24.3	24.3	24.3	24.3
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	98.8	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	88.2	88.2	87.6	0.0	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	1.2	1.2	1.2	0.0	0.0	0.0

Dec. 2024

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	87.5	87.5	86.9	0.0	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
All Wired	95.0	95.0	94.4	94.4	94.4	23.1
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	98.1	98.1	96.9	94.4	94.4	23.1
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	94.4	23.1
Any Terrestrial	98.1	98.1	96.9	94.4	94.4	23.1
Cable	91.3	91.3	91.3	91.3	91.3	0.0
Cable/Fiber	94.4	94.4	94.4	94.4	94.4	23.1
Copper	89.4	89.4	51.9	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	23.1	23.1	23.1	23.1	23.1	23.1
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	1.3	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	87.5	87.5	86.9	0.0	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	1.3	1.3	1.3	0.0	0.0	0.0

June 2025

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	92.1	91.5	90.8	0.0	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
All Wired	95.7	95.7	94.5	94.5	94.5	24.4
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	98.8	98.8	97.6	94.5	94.5	24.4
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	24.4
Any Terrestrial	98.8	98.8	97.6	94.5	94.5	24.4
Cable	89.0	89.0	89.0	89.0	89.0	0.0
Cable/Fiber	94.5	94.5	94.5	94.5	94.5	24.4
Copper	88.4	88.4	51.2	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	24.4	24.4	24.4	24.4	24.4	24.4
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	92.1	91.5	90.8	0.0	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	1.2	1.2	1.2	0.0	0.0	0.0

FCC Broadband Data Collection (BDC), June 2025 filing vintage. Coverage values show the share of residential broadband serviceable locations by technology and speed tier across D22, J23, D23, J24, D24, and J25 filings.

Source: FCC Broadband Data Collection (BDC), June 2025 Filing (J25). Fixed coverage shows the share of residential broadband serviceable locations, and mobile coverage shows the share of tribal land area.