Maine / AIANNHCE 2760 / Federally-recognized area

Penobscot

The full tribal profile includes the report map, demographic tables, broadband tables, FCC provider sections, and interactive charts.

83.3%25/3 availability

81.6%100/20 availability

0.0%1000/100 availability

13Fixed providers

Figure 1. Location of Penobscot within Maine, with boundary detail (inset).

About the Tribal Area

Federally recognized tribe in Maine, centered on Penobscot Reservation, spans about 7.6 square miles of land plus roughly 14.8 square miles of water. FCC BDC records show 13 fixed providers and 5 mobile providers across roughly 77 service locations, with current availability of 83.3% at 25/3 Mbps, 81.6% at 100/20, and 2.9% at 1000/100.

Tribal Area Description

In Maine, Penobscot has tribal lands managed by a federally recognized tribe. A Wabanaki Confederacy tribe in Maine, deeply involved in river conservation, cultural restoration, and self-governance.

Website Summary: www.penobscotnation.org

The Counseling Services page for Penobscot functions as a community information page rather than a long-form tribal history. It emphasizes local contacts, community resources, and links to regional programs and services. The available content is oriented toward practical resources rather than a dedicated narrative profile for the tribe.

Table 1. Demographics

Indicator	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Population	770	634	600	557	541	477
Households	336	307	243	230	220	208
Median age	40.0	44.7	47.3	52.6	51.7	53.6
Male / Female	43.8% / 56.2%	49.4% / 50.6%	46.3% / 53.7%	52.2% / 47.8%	46.6% / 53.4%	49.5% / 50.5%
Avg. household size	2.24	2.01	2.40	2.31	2.34	2.16
Pop. density (per sq mi)	101.6	83.7	79.2	73.5	71.4	63.0
HH density (per sq mi)	44.4	40.5	32.1	30.4	29.0	27.4

Table 2. Economic & Education

Indicator	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Median household income	$32,222	$30,662	$36,607	$41,000	$54,063	$45,000
Per capita income	$18,801	$19,502	$23,361	$27,032	$29,083	$29,564
Poverty rate	30.5%	27.6%	19.1%	10.8%	11.5%	13.5%
Unemployment rate	10.6%	15.3%	10.0%	5.3%	7.7%	10.3%
HS diploma or higher	63.7%	67.2%	68.8%	74.2%	70.6%	70.2%
Bachelor's degree or higher	23.5%	23.3%	22.9%	24.9%	26.0%	25.3%

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-Year Estimates. Queried by AIANNHCE code. Population and household density are calculated from Census population or households divided by land area in square miles.

Table 3. Download/Upload Speeds (Mbps)

Period	Download	Upload
2019Q1	63.9 Mbps	8.9 Mbps
2019Q2	54.3 Mbps	7.8 Mbps
2019Q3	56.9 Mbps	6.8 Mbps
2019Q4	83.5 Mbps	14.8 Mbps
2020Q1	146.3 Mbps	23.4 Mbps
2020Q2	89.1 Mbps	14.8 Mbps
2020Q3	105.5 Mbps	15.6 Mbps
2020Q4	87.5 Mbps	16.8 Mbps
2021Q1	118.9 Mbps	15.3 Mbps
2021Q2	120.4 Mbps	25.9 Mbps
2021Q3	116.5 Mbps	18.9 Mbps
2021Q4	127.8 Mbps	18.5 Mbps
2022Q1	126.9 Mbps	15.6 Mbps
2022Q2	107.7 Mbps	12.2 Mbps
2022Q3	152.0 Mbps	17.4 Mbps
2022Q4	133.6 Mbps	44.6 Mbps
2023Q1	216.1 Mbps	59.0 Mbps
2023Q2	112.7 Mbps	33.0 Mbps
2023Q3	182.4 Mbps	47.4 Mbps
2023Q4	127.0 Mbps	44.6 Mbps
2024Q1	245.0 Mbps	70.1 Mbps
2024Q2	185.1 Mbps	45.4 Mbps
2024Q3	174.7 Mbps	66.7 Mbps

Table 4. Coverage by Tier (%)

Year	25/3	100/20	1 Gbps
2015	51.4%	0.0%	0.0%
2016	58.4%	0.0%	0.0%
2017	71.7%	4.9%	0.0%
2018	65.9%	11.3%	0.0%
2019	65.9%	11.3%	0.0%
2020	82.9%	11.3%	0.0%
2021	97.6%	96.0%	64.1%
2022	93.7%	92.9%	3.5%
2023	84.2%	82.5%	2.9%
2024	83.3%	81.6%	0.0%

Table 5. Adoption (%)

Year	All households	Low-income households
2017	61.2%	67.1%
2018	61.5%	70.9%
2019	60.7%	65.1%
2020	57.3%	72.6%
2021	59.7%	71.4%
2022	61.3%	56.3%
2023	69.5%	62.2%
2024	67.8%	74.5%

Table 6. Current Status (2024, %)

Tier	Coverage
25/3 Mbps	83.3%
100/20 Mbps	81.6%
1 Gbps	0.0%

Table 7. Comparison with National Averages (%)

Metric	Tribal	National
25/3 Mbps	83.3%	92%
100/20 Mbps	81.6%	85%
Adoption	67.8%	78%

Sources: FCC Broadband Data Collection, Ookla Open Data Initiative, and U.S. Census Bureau ACS 5-Year Estimates. National benchmarks are carried over from the report comparison section.

Figure 2. Speed Trends (2019–2024)

Figure 3. Availability (2015–2025)

Figure 4. Adoption (2017–2024)

Figure 5. Current Status (2024)

Figure 6. Comparison with National Averages

Figure 7. Fixed Coverage by Technology (25/3 Mbps)

Figure 8. Mobile Area Coverage

Notes: speed trends reflect quarterly mean throughput. Availability shows the share of population with access. Tooltips on the charts expose the underlying values for each series.

Table 8. Broadband Provider Summary

Metric	Value
Fixed broadband providers	13
Mobile broadband providers	5
Broadband serviceable locations	77

Table 9. Broadband Providers

Fixed	Mobile
AT&T Inc.	AT&T Inc.
Biddeford Internet Corporation	T-Mobile USA, Inc.
Charter Communications	Telephone and Data Systems, Inc.
Consolidated Communications, Inc.	Verizon Communications Inc.
T-Mobile USA, Inc.	Dish Network Corporation
EchoStar Corporation	—
Telephone and Data Systems, Inc.	—
Future Fiber FinCo, LLC	—
Verizon Communications Inc.	—
Viasat, Inc.	—
Redzone Wireless, LLC	—
Space Exploration Technologies Corp.	—
Wireless Partners Holdings, LLC	—

Table 10. Fixed Coverage by Technology (% of locations)

Technology	25/3	100/20	250/25	1 Gbps
Any Technology	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	9.1%
Fiber	9.1%	9.1%	9.1%	9.1%
Cable	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
Fixed Wireless	10.4%	6.5%	0.0%	0.0%
Copper (DSL)	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
Satellite	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	0.0%

Table 11. Mobile Coverage (% of area)

Technology	Coverage
4G LTE	28.6%
5G-NR (Speed Tier 1)	12.8%
5G-NR (Speed Tier 2)	4.1%
Total area (sq mi)	369.085

Table 8. Coverage by Tier and Technology (% of locations)

Dec. 2022

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	64.4	60.3	51.9	7.5	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
All Wired	80.3	79.0	78.7	78.7	78.7	3.4
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	85.1	82.7	82.0	78.7	78.7	3.4
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	78.7	3.4
Any Terrestrial	85.1	82.7	82.0	78.7	78.7	3.4
Cable	75.9	75.9	75.9	75.9	75.9	0.0
Cable/Fiber	78.7	78.7	78.7	78.7	78.7	3.4
Copper	42.4	0.7	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	4.1	4.1	3.7	3.4	3.4	3.4
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	64.4	60.3	51.9	7.5	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

June 2023

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	66.1	65.7	49.3	4.6	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
All Wired	71.1	70.0	67.9	67.5	67.5	3.2
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	74.6	73.9	71.8	67.9	67.5	3.2
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	67.5	3.2
Any Terrestrial	74.6	73.9	71.8	67.9	67.5	3.2
Cable	64.6	64.6	64.6	64.6	64.6	0.0
Cable/Fiber	67.9	67.9	67.9	67.5	67.5	3.2
Copper	43.6	2.5	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	3.6	3.6	3.6	3.2	3.2	3.2
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	66.1	65.7	49.3	4.6	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

Dec. 2023

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	80.9	80.7	63.3	0.6	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
All Wired	82.9	79.6	76.8	76.2	76.2	2.5
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	84.8	84.3	81.5	76.2	76.2	2.5
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	76.2	2.5
Any Terrestrial	84.8	84.3	81.5	76.2	76.2	2.5
Cable	74.0	74.0	74.0	74.0	74.0	0.0
Cable/Fiber	76.8	76.8	76.8	76.2	76.2	2.5
Copper	58.3	13.8	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	4.1	4.1	3.0	2.5	2.5	2.5
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	80.9	80.7	63.3	0.6	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

June 2024

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	80.4	80.4	61.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
All Wired	82.6	82.0	78.5	77.9	77.9	2.5
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	84.5	84.0	81.2	77.9	77.9	2.5
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	77.9	2.5
Any Terrestrial	84.5	84.0	81.2	77.9	77.9	2.5
Cable	75.7	75.7	75.7	75.7	75.7	0.0
Cable/Fiber	78.5	78.5	78.5	77.9	77.9	2.5
Copper	58.3	50.8	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	4.4	4.4	3.0	2.5	2.5	2.5
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	98.6	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	80.4	80.4	61.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

Dec. 2024

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	80.6	80.6	68.0	24.9	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
All Wired	94.5	82.5	78.7	78.1	78.1	2.5
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	96.2	84.2	81.2	79.5	78.1	2.5
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	78.1	2.5
Any Terrestrial	96.2	84.2	81.2	79.5	78.1	2.5
Cable	76.0	76.0	76.0	76.0	76.0	0.0
Cable/Fiber	78.7	78.7	78.7	78.1	78.1	2.5
Copper	70.5	51.6	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	4.4	4.4	3.0	2.5	2.5	2.5
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	80.6	80.6	68.0	24.9	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

June 2025

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	81.1	81.1	69.2	29.3	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
All Wired	94.7	83.2	77.1	77.1	77.1	2.4
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	96.3	84.8	81.9	80.6	77.1	2.4
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	2.4
Any Terrestrial	96.3	84.8	81.9	80.6	77.1	2.4
Cable	75.0	75.0	75.0	75.0	75.0	0.0
Cable/Fiber	77.1	77.1	77.1	77.1	77.1	2.4
Copper	71.5	52.9	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	3.2	3.2	2.4	2.4	2.4	2.4
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	81.1	81.1	69.2	29.3	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

FCC Broadband Data Collection (BDC), June 2025 filing vintage. Coverage values show the share of residential broadband serviceable locations by technology and speed tier across D22, J23, D23, J24, D24, and J25 filings.

Source: FCC Broadband Data Collection (BDC), June 2025 Filing (J25). Fixed coverage shows the share of residential broadband serviceable locations, and mobile coverage shows the share of tribal land area.