Minnesota / AIANNHCE 3100 / Federally-recognized area

Red Lake

The full tribal profile includes the report map, demographic tables, broadband tables, FCC provider sections, and interactive charts.

100.0%25/3 availability

99.8%100/20 availability

0.0%1000/100 availability

7Fixed providers

Figure 1. Location of Red Lake within Minnesota, with boundary detail (inset).

About the Tribal Area

Spans about 882 square miles of land plus roughly 377.3 square miles of water in Minnesota, Red Lake Reservation serves as the core reservation for this federally recognized tribe. FCC BDC records show 7 fixed providers and 3 mobile providers across roughly 2,538 service locations, with current availability of 100.0% at 25/3 Mbps, 99.8% at 100/20, and 99.8% at 1000/100.

Tribal Area Description

Located in Minnesota, Red Lake is a federally recognized tribe with tribal lands. The land base is relevant for broadband planning due to rural service coverage and middle-mile access constraints.

Website Summary: www.redlakenation.org

The Red Lake website provides information about tribal government, community services, and local resources. The site includes sections on Calendar, Jobs, Tribal Council, Office of the Chairman, and Tribal Council Members. The homepage currently emphasizes practical information and community updates more than a long historical overview.

Table 1. Demographics

Indicator	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Population	5,815	5,766	5,518	5,448	5,480	5,433
Households	1,409	1,445	1,370	1,382	1,365	1,539
Median age	22.0	23.1	21.0	23.6	23.4	24.7
Male / Female	49.8% / 50.2%	49.5% / 50.5%	51.2% / 48.8%	52.6% / 47.4%	55.3% / 44.7%	55.0% / 45.0%
Avg. household size	4.07	3.94	3.98	3.88	3.95	3.47
Pop. density (per sq mi)	6.6	6.5	6.3	6.2	6.2	6.2
HH density (per sq mi)	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.7

Table 2. Economic & Education

Indicator	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Median household income	$39,676	$41,268	$44,803	$51,369	$53,545	$49,125
Per capita income	$11,818	$12,553	$13,613	$15,871	$16,588	$18,066
Poverty rate	31.2%	32.6%	29.7%	30.6%	30.2%	32.4%
Unemployment rate	27.8%	24.1%	24.6%	19.6%	14.4%	9.1%
HS diploma or higher	53.8%	51.6%	55.9%	52.9%	48.3%	42.8%
Bachelor's degree or higher	6.8%	5.7%	4.0%	4.7%	6.3%	7.2%

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-Year Estimates. Queried by AIANNHCE code. Population and household density are calculated from Census population or households divided by land area in square miles.

Table 3. Download/Upload Speeds (Mbps)

Period	Download	Upload
2019Q1	140.4 Mbps	141.5 Mbps
2019Q2	160.9 Mbps	133.7 Mbps
2019Q3	109.1 Mbps	115.3 Mbps
2019Q4	118.0 Mbps	141.2 Mbps
2020Q1	125.3 Mbps	135.0 Mbps
2020Q2	138.7 Mbps	166.3 Mbps
2020Q3	142.9 Mbps	149.7 Mbps
2020Q4	144.1 Mbps	170.1 Mbps
2021Q1	152.1 Mbps	195.3 Mbps
2021Q2	141.8 Mbps	138.6 Mbps
2021Q3	202.4 Mbps	202.7 Mbps
2021Q4	240.0 Mbps	249.8 Mbps
2022Q1	206.5 Mbps	234.5 Mbps
2022Q2	217.9 Mbps	208.0 Mbps
2022Q3	188.8 Mbps	192.0 Mbps
2022Q4	209.8 Mbps	218.5 Mbps
2023Q1	332.7 Mbps	321.6 Mbps
2023Q2	199.4 Mbps	208.9 Mbps
2023Q3	181.1 Mbps	174.8 Mbps
2023Q4	258.5 Mbps	269.1 Mbps
2024Q1	281.9 Mbps	225.5 Mbps
2024Q2	238.6 Mbps	225.4 Mbps
2024Q3	317.3 Mbps	279.0 Mbps

Table 4. Coverage by Tier (%)

Year	25/3	100/20	1 Gbps
2015	87.0%	4.8%	4.5%
2016	87.0%	6.8%	6.5%
2017	87.1%	87.0%	86.7%
2018	89.1%	87.8%	86.7%
2019	94.0%	92.7%	91.5%
2020	96.5%	92.8%	91.6%
2021	99.9%	99.9%	99.9%
2022	99.5%	99.3%	99.3%
2023	99.9%	99.6%	99.6%
2024	100.0%	99.8%	0.0%

Table 5. Adoption (%)

Year	All households	Low-income households
2017	47.6%	35.6%
2018	49.0%	31.3%
2019	52.8%	28.1%
2020	51.4%	30.1%
2021	55.8%	28.6%
2022	60.3%	33.0%
2023	64.2%	50.7%
2024	61.1%	71.3%

Table 6. Current Status (2024, %)

Tier	Coverage
25/3 Mbps	100.0%
100/20 Mbps	99.8%
1 Gbps	0.0%

Table 7. Comparison with National Averages (%)

Metric	Tribal	National
25/3 Mbps	100.0%	92%
100/20 Mbps	99.8%	85%
Adoption	61.1%	78%

Sources: FCC Broadband Data Collection, Ookla Open Data Initiative, and U.S. Census Bureau ACS 5-Year Estimates. National benchmarks are carried over from the report comparison section.

Figure 2. Speed Trends (2019–2024)

Figure 3. Availability (2015–2025)

Figure 4. Adoption (2017–2024)

Figure 5. Current Status (2024)

Figure 6. Comparison with National Averages

Figure 7. Fixed Coverage by Technology (25/3 Mbps)

Figure 8. Mobile Area Coverage

Notes: speed trends reflect quarterly mean throughput. Availability shows the share of population with access. Tooltips on the charts expose the underlying values for each series.

Table 8. Broadband Provider Summary

Metric	Value
Fixed broadband providers	7
Mobile broadband providers	3
Broadband serviceable locations	2,538

Table 9. Broadband Providers

Fixed	Mobile
AT&T Inc.	AT&T Inc.
T-Mobile USA, Inc.	T-Mobile USA, Inc.
Garden Valley Telephone Company	Verizon Communications Inc.
EchoStar Corporation	—
Paul Bunyan Rural Telephone Cooperative	—
Verizon Communications Inc.	—
Space Exploration Technologies Corp.	—

Table 10. Fixed Coverage by Technology (% of locations)

Technology	25/3	100/20	250/25	1 Gbps
Any Technology	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%
Fiber	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%
Cable	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
Fixed Wireless	0.3%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
Copper (DSL)	0.7%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
Satellite	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	0.0%

Table 11. Mobile Coverage (% of area)

Technology	Coverage
4G LTE	90.3%
5G-NR (Speed Tier 1)	40.1%
5G-NR (Speed Tier 2)	34.5%
Total area (sq mi)	3,033.576

Table 8. Coverage by Tier and Technology (% of locations)

Dec. 2022

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	33.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
All Wired	99.6	99.6	99.6	99.5	99.5	99.5
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	99.6	99.6	99.6	99.5	99.5	99.5
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	99.5	99.5
Any Terrestrial	99.6	99.6	99.6	99.5	99.5	99.5
Cable	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cable/Fiber	99.5	99.5	99.5	99.5	99.5	99.5
Copper	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	99.5	99.5	99.5	99.5	99.5	99.5
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	33.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

June 2023

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
All Wired	100.0	100.0	99.8	99.8	99.8	99.8
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	100.0	100.0	99.8	99.8	99.8	99.8
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	99.8	99.8
Any Terrestrial	100.0	100.0	99.8	99.8	99.8	99.8
Cable	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cable/Fiber	99.8	99.8	99.8	99.8	99.8	99.8
Copper	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	99.8	99.8	99.8	99.8	99.8	99.8
GSO Satellite	99.8	99.8	99.8	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

Dec. 2023

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
All Wired	100.0	100.0	100.0	99.9	99.9	99.9
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	100.0	100.0	100.0	99.9	99.9	99.9
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	99.9	99.9
Any Terrestrial	100.0	100.0	100.0	99.9	99.9	99.9
Cable	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cable/Fiber	99.9	99.9	99.9	99.9	99.9	99.9
Copper	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	99.9	99.9	99.9	99.9	99.9	99.9
GSO Satellite	99.9	99.9	99.9	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

June 2024

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
All Wired	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Any Terrestrial	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Cable	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cable/Fiber	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Copper	2.3	2.3	2.3	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
GSO Satellite	88.6	88.6	88.6	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

Dec. 2024

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
All Wired	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Any Terrestrial	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Cable	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cable/Fiber	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Copper	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

June 2025

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.0	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
All Wired	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Any Terrestrial	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Cable	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cable/Fiber	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Copper	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.0	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

FCC Broadband Data Collection (BDC), June 2025 filing vintage. Coverage values show the share of residential broadband serviceable locations by technology and speed tier across D22, J23, D23, J24, D24, and J25 filings.

Source: FCC Broadband Data Collection (BDC), June 2025 Filing (J25). Fixed coverage shows the share of residential broadband serviceable locations, and mobile coverage shows the share of tribal land area.