New York / AIANNHCE 2570 / Federally-recognized area

Onondaga Nation

The full tribal profile includes the report map, demographic tables, broadband tables, FCC provider sections, and interactive charts.

99.4%25/3 availability

82.2%100/20 availability

0.0%1000/100 availability

6Fixed providers

Figure 1. Location of Onondaga Nation within New York, with boundary detail (inset).

About the Tribal Area

Federally recognized tribe in New York, centered on Onondaga Nation Reservation, spans about 9.2 square miles. FCC BDC records show 6 fixed providers and 4 mobile providers across roughly 1,099 service locations, with current availability of 99.4% at 25/3 Mbps, 82.2% at 100/20, and 2.1% at 1000/100.

Tribal Area Description

In New York, Onondaga Nation has tribal lands managed by a federally recognized tribe. The land base is relevant for broadband planning due to rural service coverage and middle-mile access constraints.

Website Summary: www.onondaganation.org

The delegation met with the Commissioner to discuss the needs of the current Onondaga Nation Health Center. “This was a great opportunity to meet with Commissioner Sullivan,” said... [Read more...] about Onondaga Meets with Commissioner Dr. Y. – High levels of mercury have been found on the east side of Onondaga Lake, an unwelcome surprise that poses troubling questions about whether mercury contamination in parts of the lake is worse than previously believed. Here are some tips to prevent tick bites. This winter at Onondaga has been very cold and has produced some heavy snowstorms that have blanked Mother Earth. For some, this is a recipe to stay indoors.

Table 1. Demographics

Indicator	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Population	156	40	28	412	430	338
Households	127	34	28	216	192	181
Median age	53.6	53.6	—	53.1	59.4	59.4
Male / Female	0.0% / 100.0%	0.0% / 100.0%	0.0% / 100.0%	27.2% / 72.8%	37.2% / 62.8%	44.4% / 55.6%
Avg. household size	1.23	1.18	—	1.91	2.24	1.87
Pop. density (per sq mi)	16.9	4.3	3.0	44.6	46.5	36.6
HH density (per sq mi)	13.8	3.7	3.0	23.4	20.8	19.6

Table 2. Economic & Education

Indicator	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Median household income	—	—	—	$45,401	$40,083	$37,850
Per capita income	$40,194	$40,048	—	$21,923	$18,866	$19,420
Poverty rate	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	32.0%	30.7%	36.4%
Unemployment rate	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
HS diploma or higher	10.3%	10.0%	—	34.2%	60.9%	65.2%
Bachelor's degree or higher	10.3%	10.0%	—	6.8%	7.6%	5.9%

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-Year Estimates. Queried by AIANNHCE code. Population and household density are calculated from Census population or households divided by land area in square miles.

Table 3. Download/Upload Speeds (Mbps)

Period	Download	Upload
2019Q1	41.9 Mbps	15.6 Mbps
2019Q2	26.5 Mbps	3.2 Mbps
2019Q3	1.6 Mbps	0.7 Mbps
2019Q4	52.9 Mbps	7.4 Mbps
2020Q1	64.5 Mbps	7.2 Mbps
2020Q2	136.3 Mbps	18.0 Mbps
2020Q3	106.1 Mbps	10.8 Mbps
2020Q4	88.4 Mbps	13.4 Mbps
2021Q1	139.2 Mbps	10.6 Mbps
2021Q2	118.6 Mbps	8.8 Mbps
2021Q3	15.8 Mbps	11.1 Mbps
2021Q4	91.4 Mbps	10.2 Mbps
2022Q1	61.0 Mbps	7.4 Mbps
2022Q2	28.0 Mbps	1.2 Mbps
2022Q3	72.1 Mbps	6.6 Mbps
2022Q4	240.5 Mbps	17.3 Mbps
2023Q1	334.6 Mbps	17.4 Mbps
2023Q2	356.0 Mbps	19.7 Mbps
2023Q3	391.2 Mbps	23.7 Mbps
2023Q4	121.0 Mbps	6.2 Mbps
2024Q1	64.4 Mbps	9.1 Mbps
2024Q2	129.9 Mbps	10.8 Mbps
2024Q3	370.6 Mbps	173.3 Mbps

Table 4. Coverage by Tier (%)

Year	25/3	100/20	1 Gbps
2015	69.1%	0.0%	0.0%
2016	69.1%	0.0%	0.0%
2017	69.1%	69.1%	0.0%
2018	73.5%	73.5%	0.0%
2019	73.5%	73.5%	0.0%
2020	73.5%	73.5%	0.0%
2021	65.7%	56.4%	0.0%
2022	22.5%	4.0%	0.0%
2023	25.4%	12.6%	0.0%
2024	99.4%	82.2%	0.0%

Table 5. Adoption (%)

Year	All households	Low-income households
2017	0.0%	0.0%
2018	83.0%	0.0%
2019	87.4%	0.0%
2020	88.2%	0.0%
2021	100.0%	0.0%
2022	79.6%	0.0%
2023	39.6%	0.0%
2024	27.1%	0.0%

Table 6. Current Status (2024, %)

Tier	Coverage
25/3 Mbps	99.4%
100/20 Mbps	82.2%
1 Gbps	0.0%

Table 7. Comparison with National Averages (%)

Metric	Tribal	National
25/3 Mbps	99.4%	92%
100/20 Mbps	82.2%	85%
Adoption	27.1%	78%

Sources: FCC Broadband Data Collection, Ookla Open Data Initiative, and U.S. Census Bureau ACS 5-Year Estimates. National benchmarks are carried over from the report comparison section.

Figure 2. Speed Trends (2019–2024)

Figure 3. Availability (2015–2025)

Figure 4. Adoption (2017–2024)

Figure 5. Current Status (2024)

Figure 6. Comparison with National Averages

Figure 7. Fixed Coverage by Technology (25/3 Mbps)

Figure 8. Mobile Area Coverage

Notes: speed trends reflect quarterly mean throughput. Availability shows the share of population with access. Tooltips on the charts expose the underlying values for each series.

Table 8. Broadband Provider Summary

Metric	Value
Fixed broadband providers	6
Mobile broadband providers	4
Broadband serviceable locations	1,099

Table 9. Broadband Providers

Fixed	Mobile
Charter Communications	AT&T Inc.
T-Mobile USA, Inc.	T-Mobile USA, Inc.
EchoStar Corporation	Verizon Communications Inc.
Verizon Communications Inc.	Dish Network Corporation
Viasat, Inc.	—
Space Exploration Technologies Corp.	—

Table 10. Fixed Coverage by Technology (% of locations)

Technology	25/3	100/20	250/25	1 Gbps
Any Technology	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	0.8%
Fiber	88.0%	88.0%	88.0%	0.8%
Cable	6.0%	6.0%	6.0%	0.0%
Fixed Wireless	13.6%	8.8%	0.0%	0.0%
Copper (DSL)	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
Satellite	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	0.0%

Table 11. Mobile Coverage (% of area)

Technology	Coverage
4G LTE	100.0%
5G-NR (Speed Tier 1)	98.2%
5G-NR (Speed Tier 2)	95.0%
Total area (sq mi)	23.173

Table 8. Coverage by Tier and Technology (% of locations)

Dec. 2022

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25
All Fixed Wireless	65.4	20.6	20.6	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	97.1	0.0
All Wired	15.9	3.5	3.5	3.5	3.5
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	67.4	22.6	22.6	3.5	3.5
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	97.1	3.5
Any Terrestrial	67.4	22.6	22.6	3.5	3.5
Cable	3.5	3.5	3.5	3.5	3.5
Cable/Fiber	3.5	3.5	3.5	3.5	3.5
Copper	12.8	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	65.4	20.6	20.6	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	97.1	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

June 2023

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25
All Fixed Wireless	18.5	8.4	8.4	6.5	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
All Wired	17.1	8.0	8.0	8.0	8.0
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	31.3	14.3	14.3	12.6	8.0
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	8.0
Any Terrestrial	31.3	14.3	14.3	12.6	8.0
Cable	8.0	8.0	8.0	8.0	8.0
Cable/Fiber	8.0	8.0	8.0	8.0	8.0
Copper	10.5	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	18.5	8.4	8.4	6.5	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

Dec. 2023

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25
All Fixed Wireless	24.6	19.9	19.9	6.1	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
All Wired	8.3	8.3	8.3	8.3	8.3
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	31.4	26.6	26.6	13.0	8.3
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	8.3
Any Terrestrial	31.4	26.6	26.6	13.0	8.3
Cable	8.3	8.3	8.3	8.3	8.3
Cable/Fiber	8.3	8.3	8.3	8.3	8.3
Copper	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	24.6	19.9	19.9	6.1	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

June 2024

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	34.4	14.7	14.7	9.8	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
All Wired	12.1	12.1	12.1	12.1	12.1	1.0
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	44.0	24.8	24.8	20.1	12.1	1.0
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	12.1	1.0
Any Terrestrial	44.0	24.8	24.8	20.1	12.1	1.0
Cable	8.5	8.5	8.5	8.5	8.5	0.0
Cable/Fiber	12.1	12.1	12.1	12.1	12.1	1.0
Copper	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	3.8	3.8	3.8	3.8	3.8	1.0
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	34.4	14.7	14.7	9.8	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

Dec. 2024

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	42.8	14.6	14.6	9.2	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
All Wired	83.3	83.3	83.3	83.3	83.3	1.0
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	84.5	83.8	83.8	83.8	83.3	1.0
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	83.3	1.0
Any Terrestrial	84.5	83.8	83.8	83.8	83.3	1.0
Cable	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1	0.0
Cable/Fiber	83.3	83.3	83.3	83.3	83.3	1.0
Copper	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	80.0	80.0	80.0	80.0	80.0	1.0
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	42.8	14.6	14.6	9.2	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

June 2025

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	41.6	13.7	13.7	8.8	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
All Wired	90.5	90.5	90.5	90.5	90.5	0.8
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	92.0	91.1	91.1	90.9	90.5	0.8
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.8
Any Terrestrial	92.0	91.1	91.1	90.9	90.5	0.8
Cable	6.0	6.0	6.0	6.0	6.0	0.0
Cable/Fiber	90.5	90.5	90.5	90.5	90.5	0.8
Copper	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	88.0	88.0	88.0	88.0	88.0	0.8
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	41.6	13.7	13.7	8.8	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

FCC Broadband Data Collection (BDC), June 2025 filing vintage. Coverage values show the share of residential broadband serviceable locations by technology and speed tier across D22, J23, D23, J24, D24, and J25 filings.

Source: FCC Broadband Data Collection (BDC), June 2025 Filing (J25). Fixed coverage shows the share of residential broadband serviceable locations, and mobile coverage shows the share of tribal land area.