Oregon / AIANNHCE 0815 / Federally-recognized area

Cow Creek

The full tribal profile includes the report map, demographic tables, broadband tables, FCC provider sections, and interactive charts.

96.3%25/3 availability

90.0%100/20 availability

0.0%1000/100 availability

13Fixed providers

Figure 1. Location of Cow Creek within Oregon, with boundary detail (inset).

About the Tribal Area

Federally recognized tribe in Oregon, centered on Cow Creek Reservation, spans about 36 square miles. FCC BDC records show 13 fixed providers and 4 mobile providers across roughly 166 service locations, with current availability of 96.3% at 25/3 Mbps, 90.0% at 100/20, and 53.6% at 1000/100.

Tribal Area Description

In Oregon, Cow Creek has tribal lands managed by a federally recognized tribe. The land base is relevant for broadband planning due to rural service coverage and middle-mile access constraints.

Website Summary: www.cowcreek-nsn.gov

The Public Homepage page for Cow Creek functions as a community information page rather than a long-form tribal history. It emphasizes local contacts, community resources, and links to regional programs and services. The available content is oriented toward practical resources rather than a dedicated narrative profile for the tribe.

Table 1. Demographics

Indicator	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Population	194	192	178	162	160	171
Households	56	59	56	57	50	56
Median age	26.4	30.0	32.8	36.0	32.7	35.6
Male / Female	51.5% / 48.5%	53.1% / 46.9%	55.6% / 44.4%	53.7% / 46.3%	53.8% / 46.3%	49.7% / 50.3%
Avg. household size	3.34	3.19	3.18	2.84	3.20	3.05
Pop. density (per sq mi)	5.4	5.4	5.0	4.5	4.5	4.8
HH density (per sq mi)	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.4	1.6

Table 2. Economic & Education

Indicator	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Median household income	$36,875	$43,125	$44,167	$43,750	$51,250	$52,500
Per capita income	$13,413	$14,828	$16,013	$18,436	$16,917	$18,620
Poverty rate	26.7%	18.6%	21.3%	16.3%	22.2%	23.7%
Unemployment rate	12.2%	12.6%	16.3%	12.0%	11.8%	8.2%
HS diploma or higher	53.5%	57.0%	61.7%	61.5%	58.9%	55.8%
Bachelor's degree or higher	5.3%	3.3%	6.1%	5.5%	8.4%	7.7%

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-Year Estimates. Queried by AIANNHCE code. Population and household density are calculated from Census population or households divided by land area in square miles.

Table 3. Download/Upload Speeds (Mbps)

Period	Download	Upload
2019Q1	41.8 Mbps	7.4 Mbps
2019Q2	22.6 Mbps	5.5 Mbps
2019Q3	20.0 Mbps	5.8 Mbps
2019Q4	43.7 Mbps	7.5 Mbps
2020Q1	46.0 Mbps	7.4 Mbps
2020Q2	58.4 Mbps	13.4 Mbps
2020Q3	60.0 Mbps	11.2 Mbps
2020Q4	98.2 Mbps	10.4 Mbps
2021Q1	83.3 Mbps	11.0 Mbps
2021Q2	42.9 Mbps	11.9 Mbps
2021Q3	77.0 Mbps	15.3 Mbps
2021Q4	69.5 Mbps	15.9 Mbps
2022Q1	73.7 Mbps	10.6 Mbps
2022Q2	101.6 Mbps	14.3 Mbps
2022Q3	66.6 Mbps	12.4 Mbps
2022Q4	42.0 Mbps	17.1 Mbps
2023Q1	74.3 Mbps	43.3 Mbps
2023Q2	65.5 Mbps	23.3 Mbps
2023Q3	87.5 Mbps	66.8 Mbps
2023Q4	82.6 Mbps	33.1 Mbps
2024Q1	141.1 Mbps	67.3 Mbps
2024Q2	68.7 Mbps	26.6 Mbps
2024Q3	80.2 Mbps	30.9 Mbps

Table 4. Coverage by Tier (%)

Year	25/3	100/20	1 Gbps
2015	94.9%	0.0%	0.0%
2016	91.2%	0.0%	0.0%
2017	92.7%	92.7%	1.6%
2018	94.4%	94.4%	93.2%
2019	94.4%	94.4%	93.2%
2020	94.9%	94.1%	93.2%
2021	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%
2022	89.0%	76.7%	56.1%
2023	89.0%	77.2%	52.9%
2024	96.3%	90.0%	0.0%

Table 5. Adoption (%)

Year	All households	Low-income households
2017	56.8%	66.7%
2018	68.5%	83.3%
2019	51.8%	80.0%
2020	54.2%	75.0%
2021	55.4%	71.4%
2022	59.6%	90.0%
2023	80.0%	92.3%
2024	76.8%	90.9%

Table 6. Current Status (2024, %)

Tier	Coverage
25/3 Mbps	96.3%
100/20 Mbps	90.0%
1 Gbps	0.0%

Table 7. Comparison with National Averages (%)

Metric	Tribal	National
25/3 Mbps	96.3%	92%
100/20 Mbps	90.0%	85%
Adoption	76.8%	78%

Sources: FCC Broadband Data Collection, Ookla Open Data Initiative, and U.S. Census Bureau ACS 5-Year Estimates. National benchmarks are carried over from the report comparison section.

Figure 2. Speed Trends (2019–2024)

Figure 3. Availability (2015–2025)

Figure 4. Adoption (2017–2024)

Figure 5. Current Status (2024)

Figure 6. Comparison with National Averages

Figure 7. Fixed Coverage by Technology (25/3 Mbps)

Figure 8. Mobile Area Coverage

Notes: speed trends reflect quarterly mean throughput. Availability shows the share of population with access. Tooltips on the charts expose the underlying values for each series.

Table 8. Broadband Provider Summary

Metric	Value
Fixed broadband providers	13
Mobile broadband providers	4
Broadband serviceable locations	166

Table 9. Broadband Providers

Fixed	Mobile
AT&T Inc.	AT&T Inc.
Lumen Technologies, Inc.	T-Mobile USA, Inc.
Charter Communications	Telephone and Data Systems, Inc.
T-Mobile USA, Inc.	Verizon Communications Inc.
EchoStar Corporation	—
Telephone and Data Systems, Inc.	—
Verizon Communications Inc.	—
Douglas Electric Cooperative Inc.	—
InstarAGF	—
Viasat, Inc.	—
Northwest Fiber, LLC	—
Space Exploration Technologies Corp.	—
Project A, Inc.	—

Table 10. Fixed Coverage by Technology (% of locations)

Technology	25/3	100/20	250/25	1 Gbps
Any Technology	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	71.7%
Fiber	71.7%	71.7%	71.7%	71.7%
Cable	57.2%	57.2%	57.2%	0.0%
Fixed Wireless	86.1%	54.2%	0.0%	0.0%
Copper (DSL)	6.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
Satellite	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	0.0%

Table 11. Mobile Coverage (% of area)

Technology	Coverage
4G LTE	62.5%
5G-NR (Speed Tier 1)	43.2%
5G-NR (Speed Tier 2)	34.2%
Total area (sq mi)	96.063

Table 8. Coverage by Tier and Technology (% of locations)

Dec. 2022

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	89.9	83.1	62.8	0.0	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
All Wired	89.4	81.2	78.8	78.3	78.3	59.4
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	95.2	91.8	86.5	78.3	78.3	59.4
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	78.3	78.3	59.4
Any Terrestrial	97.1	94.7	90.8	78.3	78.3	59.4
Cable	50.3	50.3	50.3	50.3	50.3	0.0
Cable/Fiber	78.3	78.3	78.3	78.3	78.3	59.4
Copper	57.5	28.0	5.3	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	59.4	59.4	59.4	59.4	59.4	59.4
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	74.9	67.2	41.1	0.0	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	50.7	50.7	50.7	0.0	0.0	0.0

June 2023

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	84.7	84.7	56.8	4.9	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
All Wired	88.0	78.1	75.4	74.9	74.9	54.1
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	94.5	91.3	82.0	74.9	74.9	54.1
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	74.9	54.1
Any Terrestrial	95.6	92.3	83.1	74.9	74.9	54.1
Cable	48.6	48.6	48.6	48.6	48.6	0.0
Cable/Fiber	74.9	74.9	74.9	74.9	74.9	54.1
Copper	62.8	29.0	3.8	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	54.1	54.1	54.1	54.1	54.1	54.1
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	79.2	76.0	43.7	4.9	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	16.4	16.4	16.4	0.0	0.0	0.0

Dec. 2023

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	80.4	80.4	64.5	2.1	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
All Wired	91.0	81.5	78.3	77.8	77.8	56.1
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	94.7	91.5	85.7	78.8	77.8	56.1
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	77.8	56.1
Any Terrestrial	95.2	92.1	86.2	78.8	77.8	56.1
Cable	48.1	48.1	48.1	48.1	48.1	0.0
Cable/Fiber	77.8	77.8	77.8	77.8	77.8	56.1
Copper	59.3	26.5	3.7	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	56.1	56.1	56.1	56.1	56.1	56.1
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	75.7	72.5	55.6	2.1	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	15.3	15.3	15.3	0.0	0.0	0.0

June 2024

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	89.4	89.4	78.8	45.8	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
All Wired	84.9	84.9	82.7	82.7	82.7	60.9
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	94.4	94.4	91.6	87.2	82.7	60.9
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	82.7	60.9
Any Terrestrial	94.4	94.4	91.6	87.2	82.7	60.9
Cable	50.3	50.3	50.3	50.3	50.3	0.0
Cable/Fiber	82.7	82.7	82.7	82.7	82.7	60.9
Copper	33.0	30.2	5.6	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	60.9	60.9	60.9	60.9	60.9	60.9
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	84.9	78.2	66.5	45.8	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	16.2	16.2	16.2	0.0	0.0	0.0

Dec. 2024

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	95.0	95.0	90.5	55.3	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
All Wired	86.0	86.0	80.5	80.5	80.5	49.7
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	96.7	96.7	94.4	91.6	80.5	49.7
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	80.5	49.7
Any Terrestrial	96.7	96.7	94.4	91.6	80.5	49.7
Cable	60.3	60.3	60.3	60.3	60.3	0.0
Cable/Fiber	80.5	80.5	80.5	80.5	80.5	49.7
Copper	40.8	38.0	5.6	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	49.7	49.7	49.7	49.7	49.7	49.7
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	91.6	83.8	77.1	55.3	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	15.1	15.1	15.1	0.0	0.0	0.0

June 2025

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	92.2	91.6	86.1	54.2	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
All Wired	84.9	84.9	78.9	78.9	78.9	71.7
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	95.8	94.0	91.0	89.2	78.9	71.7
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	71.7
Any Terrestrial	97.0	96.4	93.4	89.2	78.9	71.7
Cable	57.2	57.2	57.2	57.2	57.2	0.0
Cable/Fiber	78.9	78.9	78.9	78.9	78.9	71.7
Copper	42.2	39.2	6.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	71.7	71.7	71.7	71.7	71.7	71.7
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	86.1	80.7	75.3	54.2	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	15.1	15.1	15.1	0.0	0.0	0.0

FCC Broadband Data Collection (BDC), June 2025 filing vintage. Coverage values show the share of residential broadband serviceable locations by technology and speed tier across D22, J23, D23, J24, D24, and J25 filings.

Source: FCC Broadband Data Collection (BDC), June 2025 Filing (J25). Fixed coverage shows the share of residential broadband serviceable locations, and mobile coverage shows the share of tribal land area.