Washington / AIANNHCE 0820 / Federally-recognized area

Cowlitz

The full tribal profile includes the report map, demographic tables, broadband tables, FCC provider sections, and interactive charts.

100.0%25/3 availability

80.0%100/20 availability

0.0%1000/100 availability

8Fixed providers

Figure 1. Location of Cowlitz within Washington, with boundary detail (inset).

About the Tribal Area

Cowlitz Reservation in Washington is the primary broadband planning geography for this federally recognized tribe, and it spans about 0.3 square miles. FCC BDC records show 8 fixed providers and 4 mobile providers across roughly 13 service locations, and current service levels of 100.0% at 25/3 Mbps, and 80.0% at 100/20.

Tribal Area Description

Tribal lands in Washington are associated with Cowlitz, a federally recognized tribe. The land base is relevant for broadband planning due to rural service coverage and middle-mile access constraints.

Website Summary: www.cowlitz.org

The official website of the Cowlitz Indian Tribe — serving tribal members with government, health, housing, employment, and cultural resources. The Mission of the Cowlitz Indian Tribe’s Natural Resources Department is to protect, conserve, restore, and promote culturally-relevant species and landscapes integral to the unique identity of the Cowlitz People. Since the beginning of time, we have nurtured our community by stewarding our land and rivers, investing in our people and culture, and promoting self-determination and prosperity for future generations. Our services are focused on further educating the community, inspiring future leaders, and fostering the connection between members and their homelands.

Table 1. Demographics

Indicator	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Population	0	0	0	0	0	0
Households	0	0	0	0	0	0
Median age	—	—	—	—	—	—
Male / Female	— / —	— / —	— / —	— / —	— / —	— / —
Avg. household size	—	—	—	—	—	—
Pop. density (per sq mi)	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
HH density (per sq mi)	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

Table 2. Economic & Education

Indicator	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Median household income	—	—	—	—	—	—
Per capita income	—	—	—	—	—	—
Poverty rate	—	—	—	—	—	—
Unemployment rate	—	—	—	—	—	—
HS diploma or higher	—	—	—	—	—	—
Bachelor's degree or higher	—	—	—	—	—	—

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-Year Estimates. Queried by AIANNHCE code. Population and household density are calculated from Census population or households divided by land area in square miles.

Table 3. Download/Upload Speeds (Mbps)

Period	Download	Upload
2019Q1	19.8 Mbps	2.6 Mbps
2019Q2	11.7 Mbps	6.2 Mbps
2019Q3	10.3 Mbps	2.1 Mbps
2019Q4	2.5 Mbps	1.7 Mbps
2020Q1	3.1 Mbps	2.5 Mbps
2020Q2	2.6 Mbps	2.8 Mbps
2020Q3	12.4 Mbps	3.3 Mbps
2020Q4	2.0 Mbps	2.2 Mbps
2021Q1	1.8 Mbps	1.8 Mbps
2021Q2	4.9 Mbps	5.1 Mbps
2021Q3	84.9 Mbps	8.6 Mbps
2021Q4	242.9 Mbps	32.5 Mbps
2022Q1	0.0 Mbps	0.0 Mbps
2022Q2	37.1 Mbps	8.5 Mbps
2022Q3	450.7 Mbps	15.8 Mbps
2022Q4	0.0 Mbps	0.0 Mbps
2023Q1	80.4 Mbps	15.7 Mbps
2023Q2	0.0 Mbps	0.0 Mbps
2023Q3	66.8 Mbps	9.8 Mbps
2023Q4	115.1 Mbps	8.7 Mbps
2024Q1	0.6 Mbps	0.1 Mbps
2024Q2	29.6 Mbps	6.0 Mbps
2024Q3	12.8 Mbps	1.9 Mbps

Table 4. Coverage by Tier (%)

Year	25/3	100/20	1 Gbps
2015	100.0%	100.0%	0.0%
2016	100.0%	100.0%	43.2%
2017	100.0%	100.0%	77.7%
2018	100.0%	100.0%	65.5%
2019	100.0%	100.0%	0.0%
2020	100.0%	100.0%	43.2%
2021	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
2022	100.0%	100.0%	0.0%
2023	100.0%	100.0%	40.0%
2024	100.0%	80.0%	0.0%

Table 5. Adoption (%)

Year	All households	Low-income households
2017	0.0%	0.0%
2018	0.0%	0.0%
2019	0.0%	0.0%
2020	0.0%	0.0%
2021	0.0%	0.0%
2022	0.0%	0.0%
2023	0.0%	0.0%
2024	0.0%	0.0%

Table 6. Current Status (2024, %)

Tier	Coverage
25/3 Mbps	100.0%
100/20 Mbps	80.0%
1 Gbps	0.0%

Table 7. Comparison with National Averages (%)

Metric	Tribal	National
25/3 Mbps	100.0%	92%
100/20 Mbps	80.0%	85%
Adoption	0.0%	78%

Sources: FCC Broadband Data Collection, Ookla Open Data Initiative, and U.S. Census Bureau ACS 5-Year Estimates. National benchmarks are carried over from the report comparison section.

Figure 2. Speed Trends (2019–2024)

Figure 3. Availability (2015–2025)

Figure 4. Adoption (2017–2024)

Figure 5. Current Status (2024)

Figure 6. Comparison with National Averages

Figure 7. Fixed Coverage by Technology (25/3 Mbps)

Figure 8. Mobile Area Coverage

Notes: speed trends reflect quarterly mean throughput. Availability shows the share of population with access. Tooltips on the charts expose the underlying values for each series.

Table 8. Broadband Provider Summary

Metric	Value
Fixed broadband providers	8
Mobile broadband providers	4
Broadband serviceable locations	13

Table 9. Broadband Providers

Fixed	Mobile
AT&T Inc.	AT&T Inc.
Lumen Technologies, Inc.	T-Mobile USA, Inc.
Comcast Corporation	Verizon Communications Inc.
T-Mobile USA, Inc.	Dish Network Corporation
EchoStar Corporation	—
Verizon Communications Inc.	—
Viasat, Inc.	—
Space Exploration Technologies Corp.	—

Table 10. Fixed Coverage by Technology (% of locations)

Technology	25/3	100/20	250/25	1 Gbps
Any Technology	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	0.0%
Fiber	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
Cable	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	0.0%
Fixed Wireless	15.4%	15.4%	0.0%	0.0%
Copper (DSL)	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
Satellite	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	0.0%

Table 11. Mobile Coverage (% of area)

Technology	Coverage
4G LTE	100.0%
5G-NR (Speed Tier 1)	100.0%
5G-NR (Speed Tier 2)	100.0%
Total area (sq mi)	0.632

Table 8. Coverage by Tier and Technology (% of locations)

Dec. 2022

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25
All Fixed Wireless	50.0	50.0	50.0	16.7	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
All Wired	100.0	83.3	83.3	83.3	83.3
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	100.0	83.3	83.3	83.3	83.3
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	83.3	83.3
Any Terrestrial	100.0	83.3	83.3	83.3	83.3
Cable	83.3	83.3	83.3	83.3	83.3
Cable/Fiber	83.3	83.3	83.3	83.3	83.3
Copper	33.3	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	50.0	50.0	50.0	16.7	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

June 2023

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25
All Fixed Wireless	57.1	57.1	57.1	28.6	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
All Wired	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Any Terrestrial	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Cable	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Cable/Fiber	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Copper	42.9	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	57.1	57.1	57.1	28.6	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

Dec. 2023

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25
All Fixed Wireless	71.4	71.4	71.4	42.9	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
All Wired	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Any Terrestrial	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Cable	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Cable/Fiber	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Copper	14.3	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	71.4	71.4	71.4	42.9	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

June 2024

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25
All Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
All Wired	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Any Terrestrial	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Cable	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Cable/Fiber	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Copper	28.6	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

Dec. 2024

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25
All Fixed Wireless	28.6	28.6	28.6	28.6	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
All Wired	85.7	85.7	85.7	85.7	85.7
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	85.7	85.7	85.7	85.7	85.7
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	85.7
Any Terrestrial	85.7	85.7	85.7	85.7	85.7
Cable	85.7	85.7	85.7	85.7	85.7
Cable/Fiber	85.7	85.7	85.7	85.7	85.7
Copper	28.6	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	28.6	28.6	28.6	28.6	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

June 2025

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25
All Fixed Wireless	38.5	15.4	15.4	15.4	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
All Wired	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Any Terrestrial	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Cable	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Cable/Fiber	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Copper	7.7	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	38.5	15.4	15.4	15.4	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

FCC Broadband Data Collection (BDC), June 2025 filing vintage. Coverage values show the share of residential broadband serviceable locations by technology and speed tier across D22, J23, D23, J24, D24, and J25 filings.

Source: FCC Broadband Data Collection (BDC), June 2025 Filing (J25). Fixed coverage shows the share of residential broadband serviceable locations, and mobile coverage shows the share of tribal land area.