Washington / AIANNHCE 3955 / Federally-recognized area

Squaxin Island

The full tribal profile includes the report map, demographic tables, broadband tables, FCC provider sections, and interactive charts.

100.0%25/3 availability

98.9%100/20 availability

0.0%1000/100 availability

10Fixed providers

Figure 1. Location of Squaxin Island within Washington, with boundary detail (inset).

About the Tribal Area

Federally recognized tribe in Washington, centered on Squaxin Island Reservation, spans about 2.5 square miles. FCC BDC records show 10 fixed providers and 5 mobile providers across roughly 137 service locations, with current availability of 100.0% at 25/3 Mbps, 98.9% at 100/20, and 92.7% at 1000/100.

Tribal Area Description

In Washington, Squaxin Island has tribal lands managed by a federally recognized tribe. The land base is relevant for broadband planning due to rural service coverage and middle-mile access constraints.

Website Summary: squaxinisland.org

The Just a moment... page for Squaxin Island functions as a community information page rather than a long-form tribal history. It emphasizes local contacts, community resources, and links to regional programs and services. The available content is oriented toward practical resources rather than a dedicated narrative profile for the tribe.

Table 1. Demographics

Indicator	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Population	472	401	382	389	381	388
Households	123	122	113	123	124	120
Median age	23.0	25.9	26.0	28.8	31.1	31.3
Male / Female	52.3% / 47.7%	53.9% / 46.1%	49.2% / 50.8%	46.3% / 53.7%	50.9% / 49.1%	54.1% / 45.9%
Avg. household size	3.84	3.29	3.38	3.16	3.07	3.23
Pop. density (per sq mi)	188.6	160.2	152.6	155.4	152.2	155.0
HH density (per sq mi)	49.1	48.7	45.1	49.1	49.5	47.9

Table 2. Economic & Education

Indicator	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Median household income	$48,125	$48,750	$48,750	$47,250	$55,000	$53,125
Per capita income	$14,383	$17,757	$18,636	$26,234	$27,599	$32,547
Poverty rate	23.7%	21.8%	22.4%	22.0%	19.0%	22.5%
Unemployment rate	12.4%	9.9%	9.1%	5.9%	11.4%	12.3%
HS diploma or higher	58.0%	58.8%	62.1%	63.9%	60.6%	57.5%
Bachelor's degree or higher	11.6%	12.7%	15.9%	16.4%	18.6%	17.6%

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-Year Estimates. Queried by AIANNHCE code. Population and household density are calculated from Census population or households divided by land area in square miles.

Table 3. Download/Upload Speeds (Mbps)

Period	Download	Upload
2019Q1	52.1 Mbps	45.7 Mbps
2019Q2	52.4 Mbps	30.9 Mbps
2019Q3	83.0 Mbps	62.3 Mbps
2019Q4	24.8 Mbps	11.2 Mbps
2020Q1	62.6 Mbps	30.6 Mbps
2020Q2	24.1 Mbps	18.8 Mbps
2020Q3	74.9 Mbps	68.6 Mbps
2020Q4	205.2 Mbps	63.8 Mbps
2021Q1	57.3 Mbps	44.0 Mbps
2021Q2	101.7 Mbps	91.8 Mbps
2021Q3	35.3 Mbps	34.1 Mbps
2021Q4	196.1 Mbps	133.6 Mbps
2022Q1	316.1 Mbps	171.6 Mbps
2022Q2	99.2 Mbps	64.7 Mbps
2022Q3	114.3 Mbps	62.0 Mbps
2022Q4	64.1 Mbps	47.6 Mbps
2023Q1	191.6 Mbps	115.8 Mbps
2023Q2	121.0 Mbps	83.1 Mbps
2023Q3	139.9 Mbps	60.6 Mbps
2023Q4	107.8 Mbps	65.9 Mbps
2024Q1	79.4 Mbps	47.2 Mbps
2024Q2	39.4 Mbps	19.8 Mbps
2024Q3	38.0 Mbps	9.2 Mbps

Table 4. Coverage by Tier (%)

Year	25/3	100/20	1 Gbps
2015	82.9%	80.0%	0.0%
2016	85.7%	85.7%	48.6%
2017	85.7%	85.7%	48.6%
2018	85.7%	85.7%	48.6%
2019	97.7%	97.7%	60.6%
2020	99.4%	99.4%	76.6%
2021	100.0%	100.0%	97.2%
2022	89.8%	89.8%	83.5%
2023	98.9%	98.9%	92.6%
2024	100.0%	98.9%	0.0%

Table 5. Adoption (%)

Year	All households	Low-income households
2017	60.0%	61.4%
2018	70.8%	71.0%
2019	75.6%	93.8%
2020	75.4%	100.0%
2021	73.5%	94.7%
2022	78.9%	95.2%
2023	78.2%	91.7%
2024	76.7%	89.3%

Table 6. Current Status (2024, %)

Tier	Coverage
25/3 Mbps	100.0%
100/20 Mbps	98.9%
1 Gbps	0.0%

Table 7. Comparison with National Averages (%)

Metric	Tribal	National
25/3 Mbps	100.0%	92%
100/20 Mbps	98.9%	85%
Adoption	76.7%	78%

Sources: FCC Broadband Data Collection, Ookla Open Data Initiative, and U.S. Census Bureau ACS 5-Year Estimates. National benchmarks are carried over from the report comparison section.

Figure 2. Speed Trends (2019–2024)

Figure 3. Availability (2015–2025)

Figure 4. Adoption (2017–2024)

Figure 5. Current Status (2024)

Figure 6. Comparison with National Averages

Figure 7. Fixed Coverage by Technology (25/3 Mbps)

Figure 8. Mobile Area Coverage

Notes: speed trends reflect quarterly mean throughput. Availability shows the share of population with access. Tooltips on the charts expose the underlying values for each series.

Table 8. Broadband Provider Summary

Metric	Value
Fixed broadband providers	10
Mobile broadband providers	5
Broadband serviceable locations	137

Table 9. Broadband Providers

Fixed	Mobile
AT&T Inc.	AT&T Inc.
Lumen Technologies, Inc.	T-Mobile USA, Inc.
Comcast Corporation	Verizon Communications Inc.
T-Mobile USA, Inc.	Dish Network Corporation
EchoStar Corporation	Telephone and Data Systems, Inc.
RJB Telecommunications Corp.	—
Verizon Communications Inc.	—
Viasat, Inc.	—
Mason County Public Utility District No. 3	—
Space Exploration Technologies Corp.	—

Table 10. Fixed Coverage by Technology (% of locations)

Technology	25/3	100/20	250/25	1 Gbps
Any Technology	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	91.2%
Fiber	91.2%	91.2%	91.2%	91.2%
Cable	9.5%	9.5%	9.5%	0.0%
Fixed Wireless	8.0%	8.0%	0.0%	0.0%
Copper (DSL)	3.6%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
Satellite	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	0.0%

Table 11. Mobile Coverage (% of area)

Technology	Coverage
4G LTE	100.0%
5G-NR (Speed Tier 1)	95.8%
5G-NR (Speed Tier 2)	95.8%
Total area (sq mi)	2.528

Table 8. Coverage by Tier and Technology (% of locations)

Dec. 2022

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	76.0	14.1	14.1	0.0	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
All Wired	98.9	93.2	93.2	93.2	93.2	89.0
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	99.2	93.2	93.2	93.2	93.2	89.0
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	93.2	93.2	89.0
Any Terrestrial	99.2	93.2	93.2	93.2	93.2	89.0
Cable	7.6	7.6	7.6	7.6	7.6	0.0
Cable/Fiber	93.2	93.2	93.2	93.2	93.2	89.0
Copper	62.0	44.9	25.1	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	89.0	89.0	89.0	89.0	89.0	89.0
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	76.0	14.1	14.1	0.0	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

June 2023

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	34.7	21.7	21.7	0.4	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
All Wired	99.3	99.3	99.3	99.3	99.3	95.3
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	99.3	99.3	99.3	99.3	99.3	95.3
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	99.3	95.3
Any Terrestrial	99.3	99.3	99.3	99.3	99.3	95.3
Cable	10.1	10.1	10.1	10.1	10.1	0.0
Cable/Fiber	99.3	99.3	99.3	99.3	99.3	95.3
Copper	63.5	46.6	28.2	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	95.3	95.3	95.3	95.3	95.3	95.3
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	34.7	21.7	21.7	0.4	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

Dec. 2023

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	34.8	10.8	10.8	0.0	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
All Wired	99.3	99.3	99.3	99.3	99.3	95.5
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	99.3	99.3	99.3	99.3	99.3	95.5
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	99.3	95.5
Any Terrestrial	99.3	99.3	99.3	99.3	99.3	95.5
Cable	9.1	9.1	9.1	9.1	9.1	0.0
Cable/Fiber	99.3	99.3	99.3	99.3	99.3	95.5
Copper	57.5	41.1	25.4	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	95.5	95.5	95.5	95.5	95.5	95.5
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	34.8	10.8	10.8	0.0	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

June 2024

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	26.3	2.3	2.3	0.0	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
All Wired	99.3	99.3	99.3	99.3	99.3	95.7
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	99.3	99.3	99.3	99.3	99.3	95.7
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	99.3	95.7
Any Terrestrial	99.3	99.3	99.3	99.3	99.3	95.7
Cable	8.0	8.0	8.0	8.0	8.0	0.0
Cable/Fiber	99.3	99.3	99.3	99.3	99.3	95.7
Copper	57.8	42.5	27.2	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	95.7	95.7	95.7	95.7	95.7	95.7
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	26.3	2.3	2.3	0.0	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

Dec. 2024

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	42.5	18.3	18.3	4.0	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
All Wired	99.3	99.3	99.3	99.3	99.3	95.7
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	99.3	99.3	99.3	99.3	99.3	95.7
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	99.3	95.7
Any Terrestrial	99.3	99.3	99.3	99.3	99.3	95.7
Cable	10.6	10.6	10.6	10.6	10.6	0.0
Cable/Fiber	99.3	99.3	99.3	99.3	99.3	95.7
Copper	57.8	42.5	27.2	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	95.7	95.7	95.7	95.7	95.7	95.7
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	42.5	18.3	18.3	4.0	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

June 2025

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	48.7	5.9	5.9	5.6	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
All Wired	98.7	98.7	98.7	98.7	98.7	95.4
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	99.0	98.7	98.7	98.7	98.7	95.4
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	95.4
Any Terrestrial	99.0	98.7	98.7	98.7	98.7	95.4
Cable	6.2	6.2	6.2	6.2	6.2	0.0
Cable/Fiber	98.7	98.7	98.7	98.7	98.7	95.4
Copper	57.2	41.2	26.1	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	95.4	95.4	95.4	95.4	95.4	95.4
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	48.7	5.9	5.9	5.6	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

FCC Broadband Data Collection (BDC), June 2025 filing vintage. Coverage values show the share of residential broadband serviceable locations by technology and speed tier across D22, J23, D23, J24, D24, and J25 filings.

Source: FCC Broadband Data Collection (BDC), June 2025 Filing (J25). Fixed coverage shows the share of residential broadband serviceable locations, and mobile coverage shows the share of tribal land area.