Washington / AIANNHCE 4455 / Federally-recognized area

Upper Skagit

The full tribal profile includes the report map, demographic tables, broadband tables, FCC provider sections, and interactive charts.

7.5%25/3 availability

4.5%100/20 availability

0.0%1000/100 availability

8Fixed providers

Figure 1. Location of Upper Skagit within Washington, with boundary detail (inset).

About the Tribal Area

Spans about 0.2 square miles in Washington, Upper Skagit Reservation serves as the core reservation for this federally recognized tribe. FCC BDC records show 8 fixed providers and 4 mobile providers across roughly 3 service locations, with current availability of 7.5% at 25/3 Mbps, and 4.5% at 100/20.

Tribal Area Description

Located in Washington, Upper Skagit is a federally recognized tribe with tribal lands. The land base is relevant for broadband planning due to rural service coverage and middle-mile access constraints.

Website Summary: upperskagittribe-nsn.gov

The Upper Skagit Indian Tribe offers high-quality government goods and services to its members and the Tribal Community, business, gaming, and much more. The Upper Skagit Reservation lies in the uplands of the Skagit River Valley, east of Sedro-Woolley in Skagit County and near Exit 236 along Interstate 5 just north of Burlington near Alger. The Upper Skagit people are descendants of aboriginal bands that inhabited 11 villages from the foothills of the Cascades to the Puget Sound. Flowing more than 125 miles from glaciers in the Canadian Cascade Mountains, through old-growth forests and farmlands to Skagit Bay in the Puget Sound, the Skagit River is one of western Washington’s largest rivers. It is one of the few rivers that sustain its entire original wild salmon species: Chinook, Chum, Coho, Pink, and Sockeye.

Table 1. Demographics

Indicator	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Population	285	172	171	156	151	142
Households	100	66	66	61	53	60
Median age	27.1	31.5	37.3	35.5	34.1	43.0
Male / Female	44.9% / 55.1%	51.2% / 48.8%	52.0% / 48.0%	48.1% / 51.9%	49.7% / 50.3%	50.0% / 50.0%
Avg. household size	2.85	2.61	2.59	2.56	2.85	2.37
Pop. density (per sq mi)	1567.6	946.1	940.6	858.0	830.5	781.0
HH density (per sq mi)	550.0	363.0	363.0	335.5	291.5	330.0

Table 2. Economic & Education

Indicator	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Median household income	$33,913	$42,500	$48,750	—	—	—
Per capita income	$12,718	$13,311	$14,795	$16,035	$14,974	$19,829
Poverty rate	37.9%	42.4%	36.5%	39.5%	36.1%	29.5%
Unemployment rate	21.8%	27.1%	20.0%	19.6%	13.5%	9.4%
HS diploma or higher	67.6%	56.7%	57.3%	62.6%	60.2%	59.4%
Bachelor's degree or higher	29.4%	11.5%	15.5%	15.2%	10.2%	15.6%

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-Year Estimates. Queried by AIANNHCE code. Population and household density are calculated from Census population or households divided by land area in square miles.

Table 3. Download/Upload Speeds (Mbps)

Period	Download	Upload
2019Q1	8.0 Mbps	2.9 Mbps
2019Q2	7.6 Mbps	1.5 Mbps
2019Q3	22.8 Mbps	51.8 Mbps
2019Q4	31.6 Mbps	43.6 Mbps
2020Q1	26.0 Mbps	39.7 Mbps
2020Q2	115.7 Mbps	7.6 Mbps
2020Q3	65.4 Mbps	39.3 Mbps
2020Q4	66.7 Mbps	88.7 Mbps
2021Q1	19.4 Mbps	26.7 Mbps
2021Q2	18.0 Mbps	24.4 Mbps
2021Q3	49.4 Mbps	71.2 Mbps
2021Q4	33.0 Mbps	53.5 Mbps
2022Q1	47.3 Mbps	73.7 Mbps
2022Q2	51.5 Mbps	53.5 Mbps
2022Q3	67.0 Mbps	38.2 Mbps
2022Q4	50.9 Mbps	98.6 Mbps
2023Q1	60.4 Mbps	55.5 Mbps
2023Q2	57.3 Mbps	41.1 Mbps
2023Q3	42.0 Mbps	38.9 Mbps
2023Q4	91.3 Mbps	99.8 Mbps
2024Q1	76.0 Mbps	102.8 Mbps
2024Q2	60.7 Mbps	80.2 Mbps
2024Q3	40.8 Mbps	35.4 Mbps

Table 4. Coverage by Tier (%)

Year	25/3	100/20	1 Gbps
2015	100.0%	26.7%	0.0%
2016	100.0%	26.7%	0.0%
2017	100.0%	26.7%	0.0%
2018	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
2019	26.7%	26.7%	0.0%
2020	93.3%	26.7%	0.0%
2021	97.0%	0.0%	0.0%
2022	6.8%	6.8%	0.0%
2023	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
2024	7.5%	4.5%	0.0%

Table 5. Adoption (%)

Year	All households	Low-income households
2017	55.8%	56.3%
2018	52.7%	50.0%
2019	55.0%	53.1%
2020	39.4%	48.3%
2021	43.9%	52.4%
2022	39.3%	37.5%
2023	43.4%	60.0%
2024	38.3%	56.0%

Table 6. Current Status (2024, %)

Tier	Coverage
25/3 Mbps	7.5%
100/20 Mbps	4.5%
1 Gbps	0.0%

Table 7. Comparison with National Averages (%)

Metric	Tribal	National
25/3 Mbps	7.5%	92%
100/20 Mbps	4.5%	85%
Adoption	38.3%	78%

Sources: FCC Broadband Data Collection, Ookla Open Data Initiative, and U.S. Census Bureau ACS 5-Year Estimates. National benchmarks are carried over from the report comparison section.

Figure 2. Speed Trends (2019–2024)

Figure 3. Availability (2015–2025)

Figure 4. Adoption (2017–2024)

Figure 5. Current Status (2024)

Figure 6. Comparison with National Averages

Figure 7. Fixed Coverage by Technology (25/3 Mbps)

Figure 8. Mobile Area Coverage

Notes: speed trends reflect quarterly mean throughput. Availability shows the share of population with access. Tooltips on the charts expose the underlying values for each series.

Table 8. Broadband Provider Summary

Metric	Value
Fixed broadband providers	8
Mobile broadband providers	4
Broadband serviceable locations	3

Table 9. Broadband Providers

Fixed	Mobile
AT&T Inc.	AT&T Inc.
T-Mobile USA, Inc.	T-Mobile USA, Inc.
EchoStar Corporation	Verizon Communications Inc.
Verizon Communications Inc.	Dish Network Corporation
Declaration Networks Group, Inc.	—
Viasat, Inc.	—
Northwest Fiber, LLC	—
Space Exploration Technologies Corp.	—

Table 10. Fixed Coverage by Technology (% of locations)

Technology	25/3	100/20	250/25	1 Gbps
Any Technology	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	0.0%
Fiber	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
Cable	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
Fixed Wireless	100.0%	66.7%	0.0%	0.0%
Copper (DSL)	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
Satellite	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	0.0%

Table 11. Mobile Coverage (% of area)

Technology	Coverage
4G LTE	100.0%
5G-NR (Speed Tier 1)	97.0%
5G-NR (Speed Tier 2)	87.9%
Total area (sq mi)	3.476

Table 8. Coverage by Tier and Technology (% of locations)

Dec. 2022

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25
All Fixed Wireless	25.0	10.5	0.0	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
All Wired	90.8	44.7	7.9	7.9	7.9
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	94.7	44.7	7.9	7.9	7.9
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	7.9	7.9
Any Terrestrial	97.4	51.3	7.9	7.9	7.9
Cable	7.9	7.9	7.9	7.9	7.9
Cable/Fiber	7.9	7.9	7.9	7.9	7.9
Copper	89.5	43.4	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	18.4	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	10.5	10.5	0.0	0.0	0.0

June 2023

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20
All Fixed Wireless	15.4	12.8	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
All Wired	88.5	42.3	0.0	0.0
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	88.5	42.3	0.0	0.0
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Any Terrestrial	93.6	51.3	0.0	0.0
Cable	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cable/Fiber	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Copper	88.5	42.3	0.0	0.0
Fiber	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	2.6	0.0	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	12.8	12.8	0.0	0.0

Dec. 2023

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20
All Fixed Wireless	10.7	10.7	10.7	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
All Wired	75.2	35.5	0.0	0.0
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	75.2	35.5	0.0	0.0
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Any Terrestrial	79.9	42.6	10.7	0.0
Cable	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cable/Fiber	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Copper	75.2	35.5	0.0	0.0
Fiber	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	0.6	0.0	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	10.7	10.7	10.7	0.0

June 2024

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25
All Fixed Wireless	8.6	8.6	8.6	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
All Wired	70.4	70.4	0.6	0.6	0.6
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	70.4	70.4	1.2	0.6	0.6
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.6
Any Terrestrial	73.5	73.5	8.6	0.6	0.6
Cable	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.6
Cable/Fiber	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.6
Copper	69.8	69.8	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	1.9	1.2	1.2	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	8.6	8.6	8.6	0.0	0.0

Dec. 2024

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25
All Fixed Wireless	19.5	13.8	13.8	1.1	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
All Wired	72.4	72.4	1.1	1.1	1.1
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	75.9	73.6	2.3	2.3	1.1
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	1.1
Any Terrestrial	78.2	75.9	13.8	2.3	1.1
Cable	1.1	1.1	1.1	1.1	1.1
Cable/Fiber	1.1	1.1	1.1	1.1	1.1
Copper	71.3	71.3	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	9.2	2.3	2.3	1.1	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	13.8	13.8	13.8	0.0	0.0

June 2025

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25
All Fixed Wireless	31.2	12.9	12.9	4.3	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
All Wired	69.9	69.9	0.0	0.0	0.0
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	76.3	72.0	4.3	4.3	0.0
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Any Terrestrial	78.5	74.2	12.9	4.3	0.0
Cable	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cable/Fiber	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Copper	69.9	69.9	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	23.7	4.3	4.3	4.3	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	12.9	12.9	12.9	0.0	0.0

FCC Broadband Data Collection (BDC), June 2025 filing vintage. Coverage values show the share of residential broadband serviceable locations by technology and speed tier across D22, J23, D23, J24, D24, and J25 filings.

Source: FCC Broadband Data Collection (BDC), June 2025 Filing (J25). Fixed coverage shows the share of residential broadband serviceable locations, and mobile coverage shows the share of tribal land area.