Washington / AIANNHCE 4690 / Federally-recognized area

Yakama Nation

The full tribal profile includes the report map, demographic tables, broadband tables, FCC provider sections, and interactive charts.

96.0%25/3 availability

82.3%100/20 availability

0.0%1000/100 availability

17Fixed providers

Figure 1. Location of Yakama Nation within Washington, with boundary detail (inset).

About the Tribal Area

In Washington, this federally recognized tribe uses Yakama Nation Reservation as its main reservation, and it spans about 2153 square miles of land plus roughly 1.6 square miles of water. FCC BDC records show 17 fixed providers and 5 mobile providers serving roughly 61 service locations, with current availability of 96.0% at 25/3 Mbps, 82.3% at 100/20, and 3.6% at 1000/100.

Tribal Area Description

A federally recognized tribe in Washington, Yakama Nation is organized around tribal lands. The land base is relevant for broadband planning due to rural service coverage and middle-mile access constraints.

Website Summary: www.yakama.com

The Yakama Nation website provides information about tribal government, community services, and local resources. The site includes sections on Programs & Services, Nak-Nu-We-Sha, Veterans’ Affairs, Multimedia, and Tribal Enterprises. The homepage currently emphasizes practical information and community updates more than a long historical overview.

Table 1. Demographics

Indicator	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Population	30,654	30,647	30,329	30,386	30,209	29,781
Households	8,716	8,577	8,523	8,447	8,269	8,288
Median age	29.1	29.3	29.9	29.9	29.3	29.4
Male / Female	51.5% / 48.5%	51.7% / 48.3%	51.4% / 48.6%	51.8% / 48.2%	51.6% / 48.4%	51.9% / 48.1%
Avg. household size	3.48	3.54	3.52	3.54	3.59	3.52
Pop. density (per sq mi)	14.2	14.2	14.1	14.1	14.0	13.8
HH density (per sq mi)	4.0	4.0	4.0	3.9	3.8	3.9

Table 2. Economic & Education

Indicator	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Median household income	$49,047	$51,106	$56,149	$61,981	$66,190	$65,242
Per capita income	$18,251	$19,267	$20,040	$21,708	$22,398	$22,590
Poverty rate	21.7%	19.8%	19.0%	18.9%	17.8%	19.4%
Unemployment rate	11.5%	10.0%	10.5%	9.9%	8.7%	9.0%
HS diploma or higher	44.3%	45.6%	47.1%	47.8%	51.1%	52.0%
Bachelor's degree or higher	8.8%	10.3%	10.5%	10.8%	11.8%	12.6%

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-Year Estimates. Queried by AIANNHCE code. Population and household density are calculated from Census population or households divided by land area in square miles.

Table 3. Download/Upload Speeds (Mbps)

Period	Download	Upload
2019Q1	51.7 Mbps	8.1 Mbps
2019Q2	56.4 Mbps	15.3 Mbps
2019Q3	54.2 Mbps	8.3 Mbps
2019Q4	62.0 Mbps	8.9 Mbps
2020Q1	47.0 Mbps	7.3 Mbps
2020Q2	47.9 Mbps	6.7 Mbps
2020Q3	62.6 Mbps	8.9 Mbps
2020Q4	66.9 Mbps	7.2 Mbps
2021Q1	76.4 Mbps	10.2 Mbps
2021Q2	83.7 Mbps	11.4 Mbps
2021Q3	70.2 Mbps	9.6 Mbps
2021Q4	91.9 Mbps	10.6 Mbps
2022Q1	83.5 Mbps	11.6 Mbps
2022Q2	80.8 Mbps	9.7 Mbps
2022Q3	102.1 Mbps	10.7 Mbps
2022Q4	108.6 Mbps	12.5 Mbps
2023Q1	148.4 Mbps	11.1 Mbps
2023Q2	125.7 Mbps	10.3 Mbps
2023Q3	131.0 Mbps	12.3 Mbps
2023Q4	137.8 Mbps	18.1 Mbps
2024Q1	126.3 Mbps	14.5 Mbps
2024Q2	139.0 Mbps	12.9 Mbps
2024Q3	157.7 Mbps	13.6 Mbps

Table 4. Coverage by Tier (%)

Year	25/3	100/20	1 Gbps
2015	100.0%	43.0%	0.0%
2016	100.0%	43.0%	0.0%
2017	98.9%	43.0%	0.0%
2018	44.6%	42.4%	0.0%
2019	85.0%	76.1%	0.0%
2020	78.4%	70.0%	0.0%
2021	88.1%	55.8%	0.0%
2022	85.2%	72.9%	0.3%
2023	90.6%	75.1%	0.2%
2024	96.0%	82.3%	0.0%

Table 5. Adoption (%)

Year	All households	Low-income households
2017	36.6%	45.3%
2018	38.2%	52.6%
2019	39.4%	54.6%
2020	44.0%	61.0%
2021	47.7%	63.8%
2022	51.3%	65.5%
2023	52.1%	66.0%
2024	54.5%	70.5%

Table 6. Current Status (2024, %)

Tier	Coverage
25/3 Mbps	96.0%
100/20 Mbps	82.3%
1 Gbps	0.0%

Table 7. Comparison with National Averages (%)

Metric	Tribal	National
25/3 Mbps	96.0%	92%
100/20 Mbps	82.3%	85%
Adoption	54.5%	78%

Sources: FCC Broadband Data Collection, Ookla Open Data Initiative, and U.S. Census Bureau ACS 5-Year Estimates. National benchmarks are carried over from the report comparison section.

Figure 2. Speed Trends (2019–2024)

Figure 3. Availability (2015–2025)

Figure 4. Adoption (2017–2024)

Figure 5. Current Status (2024)

Figure 6. Comparison with National Averages

Figure 7. Fixed Coverage by Technology (25/3 Mbps)

Figure 8. Mobile Area Coverage

Notes: speed trends reflect quarterly mean throughput. Availability shows the share of population with access. Tooltips on the charts expose the underlying values for each series.

Table 8. Broadband Provider Summary

Metric	Value
Fixed broadband providers	17
Mobile broadband providers	5
Broadband serviceable locations	61

Table 9. Broadband Providers

Fixed	Mobile
AT&T Inc.	AT&T Inc.
Lumen Technologies, Inc.	T-Mobile USA, Inc.
Charter Communications	Telephone and Data Systems, Inc.
T-Mobile USA, Inc.	Verizon Communications Inc.
EchoStar Corporation	Dish Network Corporation
Telephone and Data Systems, Inc.	—
Verizon Communications Inc.	—
InstarAGF	—
Blue Mountain Networks LLC	—
Northwest Open Access Network	—
Declaration Networks Group, Inc.	—
Viasat, Inc.	—
Washington Broadband, Inc.	—
PocketiNet Communications Inc.	—
Gigabeam Internet, LLC	—
Space Exploration Technologies Corp.	—
Advanced Internet	—

Table 10. Fixed Coverage by Technology (% of locations)

Technology	25/3	100/20	250/25	1 Gbps
Any Technology	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	0.0%
Fiber	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
Cable	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
Fixed Wireless	16.4%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
Copper (DSL)	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
Satellite	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	0.0%

Table 11. Mobile Coverage (% of area)

Technology	Coverage
4G LTE	86.3%
5G-NR (Speed Tier 1)	59.1%
5G-NR (Speed Tier 2)	44.3%
Total area (sq mi)	91.745

Table 8. Coverage by Tier and Technology (% of locations)

Dec. 2022

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25
All Fixed Wireless	94.4	93.0	78.5	47.7	7.7
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
All Wired	65.9	58.5	47.6	43.1	43.1
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	94.4	93.4	81.6	68.7	43.1
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	73.1	48.6
Any Terrestrial	97.0	96.4	87.7	73.1	48.6
Cable	43.1	43.1	43.1	43.1	43.1
Cable/Fiber	43.1	43.1	43.1	43.1	43.1
Copper	57.1	46.9	8.7	0.0	0.0
Fiber	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.7
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	88.6	86.6	71.7	42.9	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	73.0	72.6	42.9	26.1	7.7

June 2023

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25
All Fixed Wireless	93.9	93.7	84.1	50.5	7.8
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
All Wired	66.7	59.2	47.2	42.4	42.4
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	95.6	94.9	86.3	68.5	42.4
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	48.2
Any Terrestrial	96.6	96.1	88.4	72.7	48.2
Cable	42.3	42.3	42.3	42.3	42.3
Cable/Fiber	42.4	42.4	42.4	42.4	42.4
Copper	58.8	48.6	9.1	0.0	0.0
Fiber	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	90.3	90.2	81.7	46.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	59.6	58.7	36.4	26.0	7.8

Dec. 2023

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25
All Fixed Wireless	93.5	93.1	82.2	51.3	7.8
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
All Wired	68.1	61.1	49.6	44.6	44.6
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	95.3	94.9	87.6	71.3	44.6
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	50.4
Any Terrestrial	96.5	95.9	89.3	73.8	50.4
Cable	44.6	44.6	44.6	44.6	44.6
Cable/Fiber	44.6	44.6	44.6	44.6	44.6
Copper	59.4	49.5	9.3	0.0	0.0
Fiber	0.9	0.9	0.9	0.9	0.9
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	89.7	89.6	80.2	48.5	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	61.4	60.4	37.9	26.7	7.8

June 2024

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25
All Fixed Wireless	94.8	94.5	92.4	81.7	7.7
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
All Wired	69.4	61.4	49.8	44.7	44.7
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	95.5	95.0	90.0	76.3	44.7
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	50.4
Any Terrestrial	97.0	96.3	93.4	84.0	50.4
Cable	44.7	44.7	44.7	44.7	44.7
Cable/Fiber	44.7	44.7	44.7	44.7	44.7
Copper	60.6	49.7	9.4	0.0	0.0
Fiber	0.9	0.9	0.9	0.9	0.9
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	90.5	90.5	87.4	67.7	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	80.8	79.8	72.0	65.0	7.7

Dec. 2024

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	94.7	94.4	93.0	84.8	53.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
All Wired	69.0	60.8	51.4	47.3	47.3	3.6
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	95.4	95.0	91.4	78.8	47.3	3.6
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	68.6	3.6
Any Terrestrial	96.8	96.2	94.1	85.7	68.6	3.6
Cable	44.5	44.5	44.5	44.5	44.5	0.0
Cable/Fiber	47.3	47.3	47.3	47.3	47.3	3.6
Copper	58.4	47.1	8.8	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	3.6	3.6	3.6	3.6	3.6	3.6
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	90.4	90.4	89.0	73.8	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	65.2	63.9	63.6	56.1	53.0	0.0

June 2025

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	96.0	95.8	95.2	93.9	50.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
All Wired	69.1	60.9	51.2	47.1	47.1	3.7
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	96.0	95.5	93.6	87.3	47.1	3.7
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	3.7
Any Terrestrial	97.6	97.1	96.0	94.3	66.2	3.7
Cable	44.2	44.2	44.2	44.2	44.2	0.0
Cable/Fiber	47.1	47.1	47.1	47.1	47.1	3.7
Copper	58.2	47.0	8.7	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	3.7	3.7	3.7	3.7	3.7	3.7
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	93.3	93.2	92.3	83.0	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	70.7	69.6	69.2	62.5	50.0	0.0

FCC Broadband Data Collection (BDC), June 2025 filing vintage. Coverage values show the share of residential broadband serviceable locations by technology and speed tier across D22, J23, D23, J24, D24, and J25 filings.

Source: FCC Broadband Data Collection (BDC), June 2025 Filing (J25). Fixed coverage shows the share of residential broadband serviceable locations, and mobile coverage shows the share of tribal land area.