Wisconsin / AIANNHCE 3305 / Federally-recognized area

St. Croix

The full tribal profile includes the report map, demographic tables, broadband tables, FCC provider sections, and interactive charts.

100.0%25/3 availability

65.3%100/20 availability

0.0%1000/100 availability

11Fixed providers

Figure 1. Location of St. Croix within Wisconsin, with boundary detail (inset).

About the Tribal Area

St. Croix Reservation is a reservation in Wisconsin associated with this federally recognized tribe, and it spans about 3.1 square miles. The latest FCC BDC filing shows 11 fixed providers and 3 mobile providers across roughly 130 service locations, with current availability of 100.0% at 25/3 Mbps, 65.3% at 100/20, and 27.9% at 1000/100.

Tribal Area Description

St. Croix is a federally recognized tribe in Wisconsin with tribal lands. The land base is relevant for broadband planning due to rural service coverage and middle-mile access constraints.

Website Summary: stcroixojibwe-nsn.gov

This tribal nation maintains an official website, but descriptive content from that site could not be summarized automatically from this environment.

Table 1. Demographics

Indicator	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Population	647	618	584	539	458	447
Households	243	248	175	157	154	132
Median age	30.6	32.7	35.0	35.3	40.1	33.5
Male / Female	54.3% / 45.7%	53.6% / 46.4%	52.6% / 47.4%	48.8% / 51.2%	52.0% / 48.0%	52.1% / 47.9%
Avg. household size	2.66	2.49	3.34	3.43	2.97	3.39
Pop. density (per sq mi)	206.5	197.2	186.4	172.0	146.2	142.6
HH density (per sq mi)	77.5	79.1	55.8	50.1	49.1	42.1

Table 2. Economic & Education

Indicator	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Median household income	$33,542	$35,750	$37,361	$47,188	$38,333	$45,000
Per capita income	$16,000	$16,442	$17,084	$16,968	$16,189	$16,653
Poverty rate	33.8%	31.3%	25.8%	24.4%	30.5%	22.6%
Unemployment rate	18.0%	16.7%	12.4%	8.1%	7.6%	9.9%
HS diploma or higher	51.3%	54.7%	54.1%	53.1%	53.5%	57.7%
Bachelor's degree or higher	8.9%	8.8%	5.9%	8.3%	13.1%	18.5%

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-Year Estimates. Queried by AIANNHCE code. Population and household density are calculated from Census population or households divided by land area in square miles.

Table 3. Download/Upload Speeds (Mbps)

Period	Download	Upload
2019Q1	9.9 Mbps	2.6 Mbps
2019Q2	9.1 Mbps	0.9 Mbps
2019Q3	11.8 Mbps	1.6 Mbps
2019Q4	17.4 Mbps	2.8 Mbps
2020Q1	13.5 Mbps	2.0 Mbps
2020Q2	11.3 Mbps	1.9 Mbps
2020Q3	20.8 Mbps	7.0 Mbps
2020Q4	18.8 Mbps	2.9 Mbps
2021Q1	0.0 Mbps	0.0 Mbps
2021Q2	27.5 Mbps	2.6 Mbps
2021Q3	33.5 Mbps	3.2 Mbps
2021Q4	20.6 Mbps	3.1 Mbps
2022Q1	13.1 Mbps	10.9 Mbps
2022Q2	31.8 Mbps	13.3 Mbps
2022Q3	39.5 Mbps	26.9 Mbps
2022Q4	63.0 Mbps	21.7 Mbps
2023Q1	42.0 Mbps	11.2 Mbps
2023Q2	29.2 Mbps	6.9 Mbps
2023Q3	55.2 Mbps	21.5 Mbps
2023Q4	56.3 Mbps	24.2 Mbps
2024Q1	31.8 Mbps	17.9 Mbps
2024Q2	41.9 Mbps	36.3 Mbps
2024Q3	77.9 Mbps	38.9 Mbps

Table 4. Coverage by Tier (%)

Year	25/3	100/20	1 Gbps
2015	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
2016	13.5%	0.0%	0.0%
2017	39.6%	0.0%	0.0%
2018	39.8%	0.0%	0.0%
2019	88.7%	10.8%	0.3%
2020	99.2%	10.8%	0.3%
2021	64.2%	46.4%	17.4%
2022	56.6%	55.1%	30.0%
2023	66.0%	65.3%	25.7%
2024	100.0%	65.3%	0.0%

Table 5. Adoption (%)

Year	All households	Low-income households
2017	31.0%	39.2%
2018	39.4%	44.6%
2019	32.9%	43.8%
2020	27.8%	55.6%
2021	30.3%	46.5%
2022	29.3%	50.0%
2023	25.3%	59.5%
2024	43.2%	60.0%

Table 6. Current Status (2024, %)

Tier	Coverage
25/3 Mbps	100.0%
100/20 Mbps	65.3%
1 Gbps	0.0%

Table 7. Comparison with National Averages (%)

Metric	Tribal	National
25/3 Mbps	100.0%	92%
100/20 Mbps	65.3%	85%
Adoption	43.2%	78%

Sources: FCC Broadband Data Collection, Ookla Open Data Initiative, and U.S. Census Bureau ACS 5-Year Estimates. National benchmarks are carried over from the report comparison section.

Figure 2. Speed Trends (2019–2024)

Figure 3. Availability (2015–2025)

Figure 4. Adoption (2017–2024)

Figure 5. Current Status (2024)

Figure 6. Comparison with National Averages

Figure 7. Fixed Coverage by Technology (25/3 Mbps)

Figure 8. Mobile Area Coverage

Notes: speed trends reflect quarterly mean throughput. Availability shows the share of population with access. Tooltips on the charts expose the underlying values for each series.

Table 8. Broadband Provider Summary

Metric	Value
Fixed broadband providers	11
Mobile broadband providers	3
Broadband serviceable locations	130

Table 9. Broadband Providers

Fixed	Mobile
AT&T Inc.	AT&T Inc.
Chibardun Telephone Cooperative, Inc.	T-Mobile USA, Inc.
T-Mobile USA, Inc.	Verizon Communications Inc.
EchoStar Corporation	—
Lakeland Communications, Inc.	—
Siren Telephone Company, Inc.	—
Verizon Communications Inc.	—
Viasat, Inc.	—
Space Exploration Technologies Corp.	—
Connect Holding II LLC	—
Starwire Technologies, LLC	—

Table 10. Fixed Coverage by Technology (% of locations)

Technology	25/3	100/20	250/25	1 Gbps
Any Technology	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	22.3%
Fiber	22.3%	22.3%	22.3%	22.3%
Cable	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
Fixed Wireless	63.1%	19.2%	0.0%	0.0%
Copper (DSL)	11.5%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
Satellite	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	0.0%

Table 11. Mobile Coverage (% of area)

Technology	Coverage
4G LTE	100.0%
5G-NR (Speed Tier 1)	92.3%
5G-NR (Speed Tier 2)	92.3%
Total area (sq mi)	1.369

Table 8. Coverage by Tier and Technology (% of locations)

Dec. 2022

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	63.4	6.0	6.0	1.1	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	16.0	0.0	0.0
All Wired	87.8	72.3	65.4	63.9	63.9	23.7
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	97.0	72.3	65.4	63.9	63.9	23.7
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	77.4	63.9	23.7
Any Terrestrial	97.0	74.4	68.8	64.2	63.9	23.7
Cable	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cable/Fiber	63.9	63.9	63.9	63.9	63.9	23.7
Copper	41.7	19.2	2.8	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	63.9	63.9	63.9	63.9	63.9	23.7
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	63.1	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	16.0	0.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	6.0	6.0	6.0	1.1	0.0	0.0

June 2023

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	50.4	17.4	17.4	16.4	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
All Wired	80.0	59.7	55.7	53.8	53.8	24.8
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	81.8	59.7	55.7	53.8	53.8	24.8
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	53.8	24.8
Any Terrestrial	86.6	71.8	69.4	67.6	53.8	24.8
Cable	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cable/Fiber	53.8	53.8	53.8	53.8	53.8	24.8
Copper	38.2	9.8	2.7	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	53.8	53.8	53.8	53.8	53.8	24.8
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	42.5	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	17.4	17.4	17.4	16.4	0.0	0.0

Dec. 2023

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	50.6	18.1	18.1	13.7	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
All Wired	82.1	82.1	65.8	63.7	63.7	23.3
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	85.3	82.6	66.9	65.2	63.7	23.3
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	63.7	23.3
Any Terrestrial	87.3	85.8	72.8	71.0	63.7	23.3
Cable	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cable/Fiber	63.7	63.7	63.7	63.7	63.7	23.3
Copper	32.7	32.1	7.2	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	63.7	63.7	63.7	63.7	63.7	23.3
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	44.3	8.5	8.5	4.4	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	10.9	10.9	10.9	10.6	0.0	0.0

June 2024

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	36.2	20.3	20.3	13.2	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
All Wired	85.0	65.7	65.4	63.6	63.6	25.2
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	85.3	66.4	66.1	64.6	63.6	25.2
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	63.6	25.2
Any Terrestrial	88.6	72.8	72.5	71.0	63.6	25.2
Cable	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cable/Fiber	63.6	63.6	63.6	63.6	63.6	25.2
Copper	38.9	7.6	3.3	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	63.6	63.6	63.6	63.6	63.6	25.2
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	26.4	10.1	10.1	3.3	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	11.0	11.0	11.0	10.7	0.0	0.0

Dec. 2024

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	39.8	25.6	25.6	5.2	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
All Wired	81.8	69.0	65.3	63.1	63.1	24.8
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	83.9	71.8	70.0	64.8	63.1	24.8
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	63.1	24.8
Any Terrestrial	86.2	76.1	75.3	65.4	63.1	24.8
Cable	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cable/Fiber	63.1	63.1	63.1	63.1	63.1	24.8
Copper	34.6	13.6	5.7	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	63.1	63.1	63.1	63.1	63.1	24.8
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	31.2	17.1	17.1	4.4	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	11.4	11.4	11.4	0.8	0.0	0.0

June 2025

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	43.9	24.4	24.4	5.4	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
All Wired	86.1	80.2	65.1	60.4	60.4	60.4
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	87.4	80.8	67.3	62.0	60.4	60.4
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	60.4
Any Terrestrial	89.7	83.1	74.3	62.7	60.4	60.4
Cable	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cable/Fiber	60.4	60.4	60.4	60.4	60.4	60.4
Copper	54.8	48.0	6.5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	60.4	60.4	60.4	60.4	60.4	60.4
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	33.7	14.2	14.2	4.6	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	11.8	11.8	11.8	0.8	0.0	0.0

FCC Broadband Data Collection (BDC), June 2025 filing vintage. Coverage values show the share of residential broadband serviceable locations by technology and speed tier across D22, J23, D23, J24, D24, and J25 filings.

Source: FCC Broadband Data Collection (BDC), June 2025 Filing (J25). Fixed coverage shows the share of residential broadband serviceable locations, and mobile coverage shows the share of tribal land area.